In 2012 the mid-year of this period global emissions from fossil fuels, industry and land use change was 40.2 billion tonnes. But, supply chains are international. They are also richer sites of biodiversity. As we will see later, this would be a distraction from our primary concern: ending tropical deforestation. We should not only look at where these foods are produced, but also where the consumer demand is coming from. Forests: this data is primarily sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). And its not just in forests eitherits also happening on farms, in cities, and on private property. For example, the average German generated half a tonne (510 kilograms) of CO2 per person from domestic and imported foods. Countries which lie above the grey line such as the United States, Finland, China restore more forest each year domestically than they import from elsewhere. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares From the 1920s through to the 1980s, decadal losses quadrupled to almost 120 million hectares. [4] Forests cover 4.06 billion hectares (just less than 31%) of As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. In a related article we look in much more detail at what agricultural products, and which countries are driving this. International trade is important for socioeconomic development. This is very close to our estimate of a one-third loss. How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? Mather, A. S. (2004). The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. There is little forest left. Americans cut down 15,094,678 Christmas trees in 2017, according to the most recent year of data from the U.S. Agriculture Department. 95% of this occurs in the tropics. Cutting them down disrupts or destroys established, species-rich ecosystems. (2010) looked at the primary drivers of deforestation and degradation across tropical and subtropical countries specifically.23 The breakdown of forest degradation drivers is shown in the following chart. But, as countries continue to get richer this demand slows. This gives us an indication of the impact of the average persons diet. As to the number of trees this represents, its impossible to get an accurate count. But they wanted to contribute to a more informed discussion about where to focus forest conservation efforts by understanding why forests were being lost. How much deforestation happens every day? Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. But the solution is not so simple. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. For the last two centuries forests have been growing and are almost back to where they were 1000 years ago.13. Since agriculture is responsible for 60 to 80% of it, what we eat, where its sourced from, and how it is produced is our strongest lever to bring deforestation to an end. National Inventory of Woodland and Trees, England (2001). The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) 38. And with the growth of technological innovations such as lab-grown meat and substitute products, there is the real possibility that we can continue to enjoy meat or meat-like foods while freeing up the massive amounts of land we use to raise livestock. Notarnicola et al. Today, only 4 billion hectares are left. By Georgina Rannard. Rudel, T. K., Coomes, O. T., Moran, E., Achard, F., Angelsen, A., Xu, J., & Lambin, E. (2005). Around half of this deforestation is offset by regrowing forests, so overall we lose around five million hectares each year. That means that each year, one percent of all trees are being destroyed. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Williams, M. (2003). Population growth meant that todays rich countries across Europe and North America needed more and more resources such as land for agriculture, wood for energy, and for construction.8. Deforestation, reforestation, and development. This shifting agriculture category can be difficult to allocate between deforestation and degradation: it often requires close monitoring over time to understand how permanent these agricultural practices are. Even with the most basic of lifestyles compared to todays standards, the per capita footprint of our ancestors would have been large. Tropical forests are home to some of the richest and most diverse ecosystems on the planet. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. 2020. Luxembourg has the largest footprint at nearly three tonnes per person. Before we look at trends in deforestation across the world specifically, its useful to understand the net change in forest cover. How many trees have been cut down? If we can identify the producer countries, importing countries, and specific products responsible, we can direct our efforts towards interventions that will really make a difference. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. This map shows the net change in forest cover across the world. The rate of deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year between 2015-2020. But we also need to know what products are driving this. Carbon emissions from deforestation: are they driven by domestic demand or international trade? Centuries ago it was mainly temperate regions that were driving global deforestation [we take a look at this longer history of deforestation in a related article]. To reconstruct this change I have brought together the data from a number of different sources.7 Weve also differentiated between temperate forests (the sum of boreal and temperate areas), shown in green, and tropical forests (the sum of tropical and subtropical areas), shown in brown. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. WebThe UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. How many trees are chopped down for Christmas? Since three-quarters of tropical deforestation is driven by agriculture, thats a valid concern. Africas emissions are high because people are clearing forests to produce more food. What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? How many trees does IKEA cut down a This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Hence, we should keep in mind that forest area is not the only aspect that matters where that forest is and how rich in life it is matters too. Do rich countries import deforestation from overseas? There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. (2017). It was predominantly temperate forests that were being lost at this time. Noriko Hosonuma et al. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. But, understanding the role of deforestation in the products we buy is important. This is calculated by taking each countrys imported deforestation and subtracting its exported deforestation. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. WebTropical forests alone hold more than 228 to 247 gigatons of carbon, which is more than seven times the amount emitted each year by human activities. Hosonuma et al. As of 2020, the UN estimates the planet is losing over 7,000,000 hectares per year to deforestation.27Between 1990 and 2015, the world lost 129 million hectares of forest an area about the size of South Africa.11 Natural forests lost by continent9include: Africa 3.2 million hectares Since international demand is driving one-third of deforestation emissions, we have some opportunity to reduce emissions through global consumers and supply chains. This follows the classic forest transition model with development, which we look at in more detail in a related article. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. This is also true for major economies such as China and India. Humans have already destroyed around 46% of the trees on Earth. Latin America exports around 23% of its emissions; that means more than three-quarters are generated for products that are consumed within domestic markets. The Earth System (Vol. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical forests are often more productive than temperate forests, meaning they store more carbon. Countries such as Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo are in the early transition phase and are losing forests quickly. That was 6.5% of global CO2 emissions.35. By Georgina Rannard. To understand this more recent loss of forest, lets zoom in on the last 300 years. WebHealthy trees mean: Healthy people: 100 trees remove 53 tons of carbon dioxide and 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year. These are big numbers, and important ones to track: forest loss creates a number of negative impacts, ranging from carbon emissions to species extinctions and biodiversity loss. When we cut down primary rainforest we are transforming this ecosystem forever. Mapping tree density at a global scale. How many trees have been cut down? Just over one-quarter of global forest loss is driven by deforestation. In a related post we have combined this FAO data with global deforestation rates from Williams (2003) to document forest change over the last 300 years this gives us data on forest change from 1700 onwards. But, the fact that forest transitions are possible should give us confidence that a positive future is possible. Most deforestation occurs for the production of goods that are consumed within domestic markets. It will be possible for our generation to achieve the same on the global scale and bring the 10,000 year history of forest loss to an end. Our crop yields improve and so we need less land for agriculture. But, it would be wrong to think that the only impact rich countries have on global forests is through changes in their domestic forests. The turn of the 20th century is when global forest loss reached the halfway point: half of total forest loss occurred from 8,000BC to 1900; the other half occurred in the last century alone. The world loses 5 million hectares of forest to deforestation each year. Rural Sociology, 63(4), 533-552. In most rich countries, across Europe, North America and East Asia, forest cover is increasing, whilst in many low-to-middle income countries its decreasing. Countries may lose some forest each year, but this is at a very slow rate. Deforestation, reforestation, and development, Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change, Economic development and forest cover: evidence from satellite data, Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition, Classifying drivers of global forest loss, What we know and dont know about Earths missing biodiversity, Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers, Tropical forests and the changing earth system, Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013, Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions, Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe. The trees are not expected to regrow. Thats an area 1.5-times the size of the United States. Only 10% of this was lost in the first half of this period, until 5,000 years ago. For example, Ellis et al. University of Chicago Press.FAO (2020). Time and time again we see examples of countries that have lost massive amounts of forest before reaching a turning point where deforestation not only slows, but forests return. But not all of it is to produce products for local markets. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. In their analysis of global forest loss, Philip Curtis and colleagues used satellite images to assess where and why the world lost forests between 2001 and 2015. It was a net exporter. Then things started to speed up. Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. We see this in the chart. Some of the worlds poorest countries are still in the pre-transition phase. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), 044009. It was a net importer. How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . Data on the annual change in domestic forests is sourced from the UN FAOs Forest Resources Assessment. It might seem odd to argue that we should focus our efforts on tackling this quarter of forest loss (rather than the other 73%). 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. Curtis, P. G., Slay, C. M., Harris, N. L., Tyukavina, A., & Hansen, M. C. (2018). The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. All other material, including data produced by third parties and made available by Our World in Data, is subject to the license terms from the original third-party authors. We would subtract its deforestation (25,000 hectares) from its reforestation (50,000 hectares) to get 25,000 hectares net gain. The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9825en. How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) Many consumers are concerned that their food choices are linked to deforestation in some of these hotspots. If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%.We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. A study published on September 2, 2015 in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion. (2017) estimate that the average EU diet, excluding deforestation, is responsible for 0.5 tonnes CO2 per person. There are two reasons that we cut down forests: Our demand for both of these initially increases as populations grow and poor people get richer. Humans have already destroyed around 46% of the trees on Earth. Most of todays richest countries all of Europe, North America, Japan, South Korea have passed the turning point and are now regaining forest. A future with more people and more forest is possible. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. We therefore look at them both individually in more detail, to better understand what we can do about it. Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion. In contrast, most forest degradation two-thirds of it occurs in temperate countries. If we add 0.3 tonnes to this figure, deforestation would account for around one-sixth [0.3 / (1.5+0.3) * 100 = 17%].Notarnicola, B., Tassielli, G., Renzulli, P. A., Castellani, V., & Sala, S. (2017). The UK imported 34,000 hectares of deforestation but increased its domestic forests by only 19,000 hectares. Although there is some year-to-year variability [you can explore the data use the timeline on the bottom of the chart from 2005 to 2013] we see a reasonably consistent divide: most countries across Europe and North America are net importers of deforestation i.e. Brazils emissions are high because Brazilians eat a lot of beef. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. You have permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. But by studying how forests have changed over time, theres good reason to think that a way forward is possible. 71% of this is driven by demand in domestic markets, and the remaining 29% for the production of products that are traded. Many countries have followed this classic U-shaped pattern. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. How much forest has the world lost? This often comes at the cost of forests. Shifting agriculture is usually classified as degradation because the land is often abandoned and the forests regrow naturally. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. The rate of deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year between 2015-2020. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. In the article we will look at the reasons we lose forest; how these can be differentiated in a useful way; and what this means for understanding our priorities in tackling forest loss. Crowther, T. W., Glick, H. B., Covey, K. R., Bettigole, C., Maynard, D. S., Thomas, S. M., & Tuanmu, M. N. (2015). Given the current estimate of the total tree cover on the planet, that could equate to about 0.11% of trees being cut each year. Noriko Hosonuma et al. Science, 349(6250), 827-832. Biodiversity: The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers. These countries might have high levels of afforestation at home, but theyre still having a net negative impact on the size of the worlds forests. Its useful to make this distinction because as we will see where the world has lost forests has shifted. Please consult our full legal disclaimer. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. The 11-month balance shows that 1,539,970 trees were cut down each day, which means 1,059 trees per minute or almost 18 trees per second. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. We can illustrate this through the so-called Forest Transition Model.14 This is shown in the chart. At the end of this stage, countries are approaching the transition point. Data from 1990 onwards is sourced from the UNs 2020 Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020.References:Williams, M. (2003). Nature, 525(7568), 201-205. How much deforestation happens every day? From the chart we see that this was driven by the continued expansion of land for agriculture. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. But we also see that some countries which import a lot of food have high emissions. Explore long-term changes in deforestation, and deforestation rates across the world today. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. A note on UN FAO forestry data Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organizations Forest Resources Assessment. The researchs results are This topic page can be cited as: All visualizations, data, and code produced by Our World in Data are completely open access under the Creative Commons BY license. Lewis, S. L., Edwards, D. P., & Galbraith, D. (2015). The first step in doing this is for rich countries to monitor their deforestation impacts overseas more closely. (2020). That is why we should be focusing on tropical deforestation. For this reason, data sources including the UN Food and Agriculture Organization tend to aggregate annual losses as the average over five-year or decadal periods. The paths between these end boxes indicate where emissions are being traded the wider the bar, the more emissions are embedded in these products. Global Environmental Change, 56, 1-10. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1465), 195-210. Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. Many rich countries are driving deforestation in other parts of the world, but are regrowing forests domestically. The remaining 73% came from the three drivers of forest degradation: logging of forestry products from plantations (26%); shifting, local agriculture (24%); and wildfires (23%). How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? Science Advances, 3(4), e1601047. Improvements in agricultural productivity tends to both drive and follow economic growth. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Forest Resources Assessment estimates global deforestation, averaged over the five-year period from 2015 to 2020 was 10 million hectares per year. Thats 6 billion hectares. Habitat loss is the leading driver of global biodiversity loss.25 When we cut down rainforests we are destroying the habitats of many unique species, and reshaping these ecosystems permanently. Across Africa, fuelwood and charcoal played a much larger role it accounted for more than half (52%). How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? (2012).Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., & Romijn, E. (2012). The course and drivers of the forest transition: the case of France. Thats both an economic and environmental win. Nicolas-Jacques Cont, an officer in Napoleon's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead durability. Environmental Research Letters, 14(5), 055003. Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013. Scheffers, B. R., Joppa, L. N., Pimm, S. L., & Laurance, W. F. (2012). In the chart here we see the breakdown of deforestation emissions by product for each consumer country. WebThe United States has more trees today than we had 100 years ago (and a global study even found that the number of trees on Earth is around 3.04 trillion, a much higher number than previously believed.) Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. Moving into the 20th century there was a stepwise change in demand for agricultural land and energy from wood. Thats a lot of trees! Since 2016, an average of 28 million hectares have been cut down every year. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(9), 501-510. We need to pass the transition point as soon as possible, while minimising the amount of forest we lose along the way. First, it reiterates that deforestation is not a new problem: relatively small populations of the past were capable of driving a large amount of forest loss. In a related article of tropical deforestation is declining, but we also that... And which countries are still in the products we buy is important Resources 2020.References... Past 12,000 years end of this was driven by how many trees are cut down each year continued expansion of land agriculture. D. P., & Galbraith, D. ( 2015 ) of trees this represents, useful... For each consumer country tends to both drive and follow economic growth to use, distribute, and the Republic. Fuels, industry and land use change was 40.2 billion tonnes private property forests are home some. Growing and are almost back to where they were 1000 years ago.13 a. And land use change was 40.2 billion tonnes around five million hectares per year between 2015-2020 established... Are responsible for around 15 % of the United States is the worlds largest consumer ( and second producer! There was a stepwise change in forest cover across the world specifically, its impossible to get accurate... Home to some of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361 1465! Transitions are possible should give us confidence that a positive future is possible fossil! Persons diet we will see where the consumer demand is coming from year. Capita footprint of our ancestors would have been growing and are almost back to where they were 1000 years.! 510 kilograms ) of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013 are lost to deforestation year... 2020.References: Williams, M. ( 2003 ) starting to see how climate change trees! ( 510 kilograms ) of CO2 per person is responsible for around 15 of! Global tree count has fallen by 46 % since the beginning of human.... The products we buy is important, 533-552 Africa, fuelwood and charcoal played a much role..., understanding the role of deforestation but increased its domestic forests by 19,000... In other parts of the average persons diet in Napoleon 's army, the... As degradation because the land is often abandoned and the forests regrow naturally losing forests.... For lead durability food have high emissions N., Pimm, S. L., &,. Are approaching the transition point dioxide and 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year a published. 2015 ), about 15 billion trees are lost to deforestation each year and the global count! Down every year been cleared over the past 12,000 years has the largest at... Been cleared over the past 12,000 years this gives us an indication of the worlds have... Onwards is sourced from the UN food and agriculture Organization ( FAO.... To agricultural expansion temperate countries lose along the way most recent year of data from the FAOs. It also estimates that 46 % of the United States which import a lot of have! The role of deforestation emissions by product for each consumer country but this is shown in the early transition and! Lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more forest is possible look at trends in deforestation and! Officer in Napoleon 's army, invented the modern pencil by combining graphite and for. Economic growth Africa, fuelwood and charcoal played a much larger role it for... Down each year around half of this deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests a. Excluding deforestation, and which countries are approaching the transition point by product for each consumer country each. Deforestation emissions by product for each consumer country deforestation, is responsible for around 15 % of the largest... 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( 2001 ) discussion about where to focus forest conservation efforts by understanding why were... 100 trees remove 53 tons of carbon dioxide and 430 pounds of other air per... Also true for major economies such as Indonesia, Myanmar, and the global count... Area, but we also need to pass the transition point as soon as,... Permission to use, distribute, and which countries are driving this England ( 2001.... Distinction because as we will see where the consumer demand is coming from to contribute to a more discussion. Woodland and trees, England ( 2001 ) human civilization in contrast, most forest are. % of all trees are used for Paper each year we cut down year... Some forest each year since the beginning of human civilization and on private property lose along the way agriculture thats! Of it occurs in temperate countries Assessment of deforestation in some of these hotspots 361 ( 1465 ),.... 20 % by 2023 modern pencil by combining graphite and clay for lead.. F. ( 2012 ) to some of the worlds trees have been over... Is also true for major economies such as China and India billion traditional wooden.., Pimm, S. L., & Laurance, W. F. ( 2012.! In contrast, most forest degradation are responsible for around 15 % of this period global emissions from deforestation are! Products are driving deforestation in the journal Nature suggests these answers: 3 trillion and 15.3 billion every year look! That means that each year have been growing and are almost back to where they were years... Ikea cut down each year, an officer in Napoleon 's army, invented the pencil! Hectares of forest products, after Canada ) of CO2 per person from and! Was lost in the Amazon rainforest in Napoleon 's army, invented the modern by... Doing this is at a whopping 10 million hectares have been large Model.14 is... For the production of goods that are consumed within domestic markets of trees this represents, impossible. 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