Chinas high-speed rail could cover the distance between Boston and Chicago in about four hours, whereas Amtraks fastest service takes 22 hours. This shared quest for predictability explains the continuing attractiveness of an authoritarian system in which control is the central tenet. The United States government structure is one of the largest democracies in the world and has been considered by many as one of the perfect democracies which the country and its citizens have prided themselves over. The legal system of a country plays a key role in terms of its marketing and investment opportunities. Our own experiences on the ground in China confirm this. -- China's system of political parties is a system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), not a Western-style multiparty system. ProEssays website, please click below to request its removal: Liked this essay sample but need an original one? In much Western analysis the verb most commonly attached to Chinas reforms is stalled. The truth is that political reform in China hasnt stalled. Hire a professional with VAST experience! The civil law system only allows the judge to make his or her judgment basing on the law and should not consider other factors surrounding the business. The president controls the army. The article reflects the author's views and not necessarily those of CGTN. This, of course, mirrors the role of U.S. defense and intelligence spending in the development of Silicon Valley. Such ideas may appear very different from the outward-facing, Confucian concepts of benevolence and harmony that China presents to its international, English-speaking audience. Nevertheless, these changes do not seem to stand any chance of influencing its foreign policymakers, who remain convinced of their system's superiority relative to all others. All the work should be used in accordance with the appropriate policies and applicable laws. A command economy is the opposite of a free economy and it is usually dominated by the government which is always controlling major aspects of businesses. Most ordinary people we meet dont feel that the authoritarian state is solely oppressive, although it can be that; for them it also provides opportunity. Empowered by Xi to deal with the corruption that had become so prevalent early in that decade, the commission can arrest and hold suspects for several months; its decisions cannot be overturned by any other entity in China, not even the supreme court. Obviously the ideology of nationalist identification under the pandemic has greatly roughened the political landscape for China and the U.S. Countries with command economic systems are now changing their laws to become democratic and allow free-enterprise after realizing benefits it can bring in (Cavusgil, Ghauri & Akcal, 2012). However, the country does have branches of government that also include the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government. The continuous growth of technology and infrastructure in many nations has made globalization to reach its climax. Are you seeing a significant shift in supply chains out of China? First name should have at least 2 letters, Phone number should have at least 10 digits, Essay Sample on Exploring Economic Growth: Laws and Challenges, Essay Sample on Creating a Local Government on a Privately-Owned Island, Essay Example on Texas: A State of Pride and Ownership, China and India: Nations' Health Comparison, Infidel and the Influence of Politics on United States Religious Background, Essay Example on Plenary Powers in the US Constitution. Additionally, before starting a business internationally, it is important to consider additional factors that the law systems of that country do not consider since failure to do so can result in loss of profit. Which serves U.S. interests better, a free and democratic China, or an authoritarian China that identifies with U.S. leadership? Also, while its relatively easy to shift the sourcing of a low-value-added product from China to Vietnam or Mexico, how can you move an entire supply chain with many indigenous players? I see no systemic risk either in Chinas banking system or in its economy. The country will need to continue to reform and privatize its state-owned firmsand shift from investment to private consumptionor it will not be able to sustain its growth. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. So a Marxist-Leninist system is concerned not only with economic outcomes but also with gaining and maintaining control over the system itself. The United States and China are different in almost every way in their social norms, administrative policies, economic reforms, and the vastest difference in their political ideology. Ideological competition between China and the U.S. in recent years comes in three basic models: The nationalist hegemony model that ultimately serves U.S. hegemonistic purposes in the international community. We will write a custom Research Paper on Political system comparison between India and China specifically for you. The US is surrounded by Mexico, Canada, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. The Biden administration is expected to restore that policy and to work within the rules of international institutions, which I expect will defuse tensions. Routledge. ), Copyright 2020 CGTN. Now CEO of the Hong Kongbased $40 billion private-equity firm PAG, Shan spoke with HBR Editor in Chief Adi Ignatius about the economic prospects for China and the United States. Great challenges lie ahead. Familiarity with Leninist doctrine is still important for getting ahead. The local and minor elections in the country are the only form of citizen engagement that is seen in the political process of China, but there have been many cases of suppression in the minor elections, especially regarding independent candidates. In fact, the pandemic has made the world, Out of the Gobi: My Story of China and America, Money Games: The Inside Story of How American Dealmakers Saved Koreas Most Iconic Bank. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. The Chinese can see this as crass and boastful, while in the United States, humility can be regarded as a sign of weakness. This plays out every time a Western company negotiates access to the Chinese market. Cavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. N., & Akcal, A. How can outside investors ensure that they dont become collateral damage in a bigger political and economic war? Americans focus on speed and efficiency and will hurry to get things done quickly. Part of the systems legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese is, again, rooted in history: China has often had to fight off invaders and, as is rarely acknowledged in the West, fought essentially alone against Japan from 1937 until 1941, when the U.S. entered World War II. The world will be lifeless and dull if there is only one single model and one single civilization." She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. That has political implications, of coursefor example, that the public ownership of assets is necessary to ensure an equal distribution of wealthbut the economic outcomes are the focus. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bellwether Cases, The Conundrum of Non-Criminalization of Marital Rape in India, Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from Public Administration Viewpoint. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. These similarities are real, but they are manifestations of the wealth and personal aspirations of Chinas newly affluent middle class, and they in no way negate the very real differences between the political systems of China and the West. Investors have always been enticed by Chinas vast market. Learn how to overcome barriers when working globally. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin. China on the other hand practice totalitarianism and collectivism which is the opposite of democracy. The authors suggest that those assumptions are rooted in three essentially false beliefs about modern China: (1) Economics and democracy are two sides of the same coin; (2) authoritarian political systems cant be legitimate; and (3) the Chinese live, work, and invest like Westerners. - Quora Answer (1 of 17): Americans hold the individual in the highest regard, whereas Chinese hold the community in the highest regard. The White Houses China-bashing is more about a fight for self-identification than about exonerating the Trump administration. In the early days of the outbreak, the Trump administration tried everything possible to downplay the severity of the situation attempting to secure the economy and votes in a presidential election year. The only obligation they have is to follow the law that in most cases is straightforward. The geographic location of a country, its educational, political and legal systems plays a key role in the economic well-being of a country. Corporatism also recognizes only one organization as its sole representative, which can be seen through the CCP (Chan, 1994). The differences in the political orders of China and the United States are "irreconcilable", making it difficult to keep relations between the two countries on a stable track, a leading. The United States has a democratic system, but in countries . However, it is important to compare and contrast countries to see which policies are working in the best way and what can be changed. Even though the nominations are provided by the CCP, citizens can vote for their township and village elections, and in some places, there are direct elections. . Although many in the West may believe that China sees only opportunity in its 21st-century global plans, its motivation is very different. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi made an excellent remark about political systems across the world while speaking with the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations last week. Conversely, the US law system basis its law from cases held previously and judges uses this as an example when determining most cases that are similar to the present one. The harsh reality of the pandemic has given rise to political competition with characteristics not seen before, sounding the alarm for future bilateral relations. The point is that a China-based supply chain has proved a blessing, not a curse, in this pandemic. Between 1990 and 2009, investment from China to all of Latin America was about $7 billion. If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the Our firm, PAG, invests throughout Asia and occasionally beyond. In 2019 that market reached $6 trillion, surpassing the U.S. level of $5.5 trillion. Although murdering babies and elderly with medical sanctions in multiple too left . Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted. Routledge. 808 certified writers online. Doing business in emerging markets. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the United States. Political discourse in China remains anchored in Marxist-Leninist ideas of struggle (douzheng) and contradiction (maodun)both seen as attributes that force a necessary and even healthy confrontation that can help achieve a victorious outcome. Pundits tend to be alarmed by a default here and there. Its GDP dropped 6.8% in the first quarter of 2020, but resumed growth from the second quarter onward. The city of Rongcheng, for example, uses big data (available to the government through surveillance and other data-capturing infrastructure) to give people individualized social credit scores. These are used to reward or punish citizens according to their political and financial virtues or vices. But looking back over her life story, one can see why even many young Chinese today may feel a reduced sense of predictability or trust in what the future holdsor in what their government might do next. In the China-U.S. ideological competition during the pandemic, what the U.S. seeks is not all about U.S. leadership in the international community nor U.S. economic benefits but rather coping with its identity crisis. The top diplomat also condemned the U.S.'s description of his country as "authoritarian" simply because its democracy is different than America's. The policies that are discussed in the Legislative Branch on the government are also through the civic engagement process, where the representatives elected by the citizens seek to change the policy or create one to serve them (lumen, 2020). Half of the representatives in Congress are millionaires with their median net worth reported to be more than a million. (2012). There are, however, other forms of citizen engagement at a more local level when electing a township government, which can be done through public recommendation or public nomination ( (Cheng), 2011). Losing the China market will be costly for American tech companies and deprive them of funds for further R&D. Solve your problem differently! Either way you slice it, the economies are the two strongest . The legislative branch is not only responsible for making laws but is also responsible for the hiring of important figures in central agencies such as the FBI, and it even has the authority to declare war. Solinger, D. J. Chinas Good War: How World War II Is Shaping a New Nationalism. This clear disconnect is attributable to the so-called "culture war" that's spiraled out of control over the past year and has led to profound changes in American society since then. Economic and Political Differences: China VS. United States. Hence the public debt as a percentage of GDP is higher for the U.S. relative to China and the. Decisionsby both individuals and the stateabout how to invest all serve one purpose: to provide security and stability in an unpredictable world. Leninism, however, is essentially a political doctrine; its primary aim is control. Given the unique features of China's political and economic system, the government can directly affect the carbon market . They both have a presiding official, like a judge, plaintiffs, defendants, legal council etc. For individuals, whove lived through harsh times they could not control, the reaction is to make some key choices in a much more short-term way than Westerners do. Eligible voters are chosen through a register for rural and urban voters to make the process easier, and smaller elections have a number of 200 to 300 voters while the larger level can have up to 1000 voters. Democracy has since then been core in the entire political system (Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016). There are other courts in the land such as High Courts and District and County Peoples Courts and Special Courts for military and forestry issues. Also, the communism in China is affected by the political tradition of ancient Chinese imperial system. Diversity is naturally occurring, whether it be among ethnicities, religions, governing systems or whatever else. Collectivism means that the needs of an individual are not emphasized as compared to those of the society and not until recently, most rights of Chinese citizens were not realized. The Chinese spent countless hours restructuring their legal system to closer represent those in the Western business. (2016). This explains why the People's Republic of China (PRC) never attaches any political strings to its economic deals nor makes ultimatums regarding any of its partners. Is a China-U.S. decoupling a real possibility? Sage. Thus many Chinese consumers prefer the short-term gains of the stock market to locking their money away in long-term savings vehicles. Globalization. Nations without better access to such facilities depend on their agriculture and natural resources to enhance economic growth. A cleaner in Chongqing now owns several apartments because the CCP reformed property laws. But the technology war also hurts U.S. suppliers. Weijian Shan was born in China and had his life upended by the Cultural Revolution. The resulting victory, which for decades the CCP spun as its solo vanquishing of an external enemy, was reinforced by defeat of an internal one (Chiang Kai-shek in 1949), establishing the legitimacy of the party and its authoritarian system. Yet they found common ground to work in mutually beneficial ways. Some of these challenges are brought about by differences in legal, political and economic systems of different countries. The . GM sells more cars in China than in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico combined. Until that happens, the world will remain unstable as the U.S. aggressively tries to eliminate political diversity. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. China uses its particular authoritarian modeland its presumed legitimacyto build trust with its population in ways that would be considered highly intrusive in a liberal democracy. Therefore, a country's political system can be assessed effectively by using aspects such as collectivism or individualism and totalitarianism or democracy. Ambition like that cant be realized without state interventionrelatively fast and easy but often brutal in China. Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! Along with China's economic and military rise, its leading political values will increasingly shape both China and the world at large. Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. What the Chinese government does oppose is the system of electoral democracy as . Until Western companies and politicians understand this and revise their views, they will continue to get China wrong. Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. And when Xi announced, in 2017, that the three critical battles for Chinas development would fall in the areas of reducing financial risk, addressing pollution, and alleviating poverty, he also made it clear that the objective of these reforms was to solidify the system rather than to change it. However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. Considering that China adopted the system of the dynamic market much later than other nations, it has done remarkably well to have such a positive impact on its economy. 13 Cultural Differences Between the U.S. and China Social Structure Confrontation/Conflict Self Face/Reputation Business Relations Morals Recognition of the Dead Humility Time Sensitivity Respect Multiculturalism Lack of Personal Space Respect for Elders 1. While hierarchy and equality may appear to the post-Enlightenment West to be antithetical concepts, in China they remain inherently complementary. Is your time best spent reading someone elses essay? When individuals have the powerto realize their dreams, they will demand a greater say.. It is important to understand the background of the. Navigating your companys future in China, Americans Dont Know How Capitalist China Is, Economics and Democracy Are Two Sides of the Same Coin, Authoritarian Political Systems Cant Be Legitimate, The Chinese Live, Work, and Invest Like Westerners, A version of this article appeared in the. Seventy years on, many Chinese believe that their political system is now actually more legitimate and effective than the Wests. In Vietnam, there are three different people. Today its traded on the New York Stock Exchange with a market cap of about $45 billion and has more than 800 million unique active users. China and the global economy. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. (More than 33 million people were jobless and waiting for relief as of late April.) In contrast, the governments discount rate on the future is lowerin part because of its Leninist emphasis on controland explicitly focused on long-term returns. China's lead over the U.S. is especially clear in Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and France, where people are at least 10 percentage points more likely to see China as the leading economy. (2022, May 17). The technology war waged by the Trump administration forced China to develop critical technologies, such as semiconductor chips, for which it has relied on U.S. suppliers. During the Cold War in the 20th century, and particularly afterward, the U.S. sought to establish and consolidate its leadership role in the international community in the name of freedom and democracy so much so that U.S. hegemony was also often referred to as hegemonic liberalism.. According to this view, economic growth and increasing prosperity will cause China to move toward a more liberal model for both its economy and its politics, as did those countries. Consequently, running international businesses has become significantly easier than ever before. Is it that Chinas development doesnt conform with the values of freedom and democracy, or that Chinas growing strength is a threat to U.S. hegemony? The reality is quite different. And what if the market itself is in China? When Nixon first visited China, in 1972, the differences between the two countries were vast, in political and economic systems and of course in ideology. (2016). According to Nolan (2012) "as for the number of democrat countries, 123 of the 196 countries are exercising democracy as compared to only 69 countries in 1987" (p. 101). Even though China has a one-party state, it, however, has eight independent political parties that are controlled by the CCP (CIA, 2020). For much of its turbulent modern history, China has been under threat from foreign powers, both within Asia (notably Japan) and outside it (the UK and France in the mid 19th century). Moving from Beijing to Shanghai has made my Mandarin worse. It is, therefore, against nature itself and arguably a violation of international human and legal rights for anyone to attempt to get rid of diversity, which is exactly what the U.S. is trying to do all across the world through its messianic zeal in imposing its political system onto all others. They dont know how capitalist China is. China vs. United States Government Definitions Administrative divisions : This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). On the foreign front, China never tried to pressure anyone to conform to its domestic political system but instead not only respects, but celebrates, their differences. Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. for only $16.05 $11/page. The political system of China has been operational since its establishment for 50 years. The Incarcerated Vote. It is a global leader in AI, biotech, and space exploration. One reason that many people misread Chinas trajectory may be thatparticularly in the English-language promotional materials the Chinese use overseasthe country tends to portray itself as a variation on a liberal state, and therefore more trustworthy. Depending on the conditions surrounding a case, the law system allows special consideration to such as a case. A. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. In that period there has been ruins of buildings as well as joy of victories, rapid advance in success as well as pride, tortuous ordeals and lesions from mistakes done . It is also the duty of the representative republic to inform its citizens of their rights, and the candidacy for the elections needs to be transparent since city council members to local judges to mayors, and state legislators are all appointed through voting in the United States. Dictatorship, Gun Control: Legal, Psychology and Political Viewpoint, Difference Between Criminal and Civil Court System. Its monetary policy is reasonably tight, with the yield on government bonds about 3.5 times that on U.S. Treasuries. Learn how to overcome barriers when working globally. Even though China is diverse in its ethnic groups, it is still a relatively high homogenous group, which is also reflected in its politics. Does the U.S. even have the power to hurt China economically? With its democratic society, the U.S. is unable to prevent financial capitalism from swelling, or to take dramatic action against vested interests to formulate a model under which finance and industry mutually optimize and complement one another. They dont know how socialist it is, with its Social Security system and its policies to tax the rich by collecting capital gains taxes. China, however, has been able to sustain and grow its economy as much as it practices a command economy. That leaves much room for growth and many opportunities for investors, particularly in businesses that cater to consumers. But in China the consumer applications have come faster, making more obvious the link between government investment and products and services that benefit individuals. One example is the reinvention in the late 2010s of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. China is also Apples biggest market for iPhones: It has about twice as many iPhone users as the United States does. There are major differences in the political views of people from different nations.. eligion is another topic that creates differences among cultures.. The United States had maintained a fairly consistent foreign policy until Trump. In the legislative branch of the government, the members of the Congress are elected through municipal and regional congresses, which can only have members of the Chinese Communist party which are responsible for the creation of policies and laws that affect the livelihood of the citizens of China which the judicial branch oversees and upholds. Its a plausible narrative. Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. The . Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. The economic nationalism of the U.S. since Donald Trump assumed office is related to the hegemony promoted by the Obama administration and the current leading presidential candidate of the Democratic Party, Joe Biden. 9. It continues apace. China now has better highways, rail systems, bridges, and airports than the United States does. This suggests some obvious hypocrisy on the part of the Biden administration and perhaps even a lack of sincerity with respect to the domestic causes that it supports. Trade wars, nationalism, and the pandemic have led many companies to question their supply chain strategyin particular basing manufacturing in China, thousands of miles from their markets. But defaults and bankruptcies are common in a market economy. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. After all, if it genuinely believed in the merits of diversity at home, it wouldn't try to snuff out political diversity abroad. 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