The second example is designed to avoid the drum set parts by filling in with syncopated rhythms. Conga. NGDMI v.1: 473. Although the layers of rhythms can seem a bit chaotic, its much easier to know the parts versus the improvisations when you know the relationship each instrument has with clave. Most common drums part of this set includes the snare drum, tom-toms, bass drum and floor tom. Most modern congas have a wooden or fiberglass shell, and a screw-tensioned drumhead. Modern congas are commonly made of one of a variety woods, or of a one or two-piece fiberglass shell. Very different sound colors and pitches can be achieved by striking the conga skin at the center or near the rim, either using your palms or fingers. The bemb patterns are also in 6/8. The styles and approaches to rumba are slightly different from one region to another but they still follow basic principles of playing with clave. 111.2 Percussion idiophones, includes many percussion instruments played with the hand or by a percussion mallet, such as the hang, gongs and the xylophone, but not drums and only some cymbals. Pianos, guitar, drums, and other instruments can play tumbaos to establish a foundation for other Afro-Cuban rhythms. The conga beat is a syncopated 4/4. Toms Cruz developed several adaptations of folkloric rhythms when working in Paulito FG's timba band of the 1990s. These drums were developed in Cuba with heavy influences from African cultures. In the 1950s, the construction of the conga drums was overhauled to include a mechanical tuning system made up of a securable rim, lugs, and adjustable lug nuts which allowed the conga player to tune the drum with much more precision. The heel and toe strokes are not as important for pop songs as they are for Afro-Cuban music. If you decide to play congas like a drum set or with a drum set, its important to play rhythms that dont make the groove too cluttered in relation to the other instrument parts. While valid, this classification is widely seen as inadequate. drum This stroke will help develop the coordination and strength needed to play slaps and open tones with strength. Usually parts are written for two drums, so conga music is often written on a two-line staff. Guaguanc uses three congas. Hello, Im Paulo Stagnaro! Towards the end of the 19th century, rumba, which has its roots in the poorer urban neighborhoods of cities like Havana and Matanzas, is the first established genre to specifically call for a conga drum as part of its standard instrumentation. Most percussion instruments as the term is normally understood are classified as idiophones and membranophones. The variations and regular sizes are listed below: The supertumba can be as large as 14 inches across (35.5 cm). In the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments (like the triangle or cymbals) have been used, again generally sparingly. The conga player his or herself is referred to as a conguero or conguera. But adding your arm too much too soon in the stroke preparation can lead to inaccuracy and loss of clarity in the strokes. The following nine-measure quinto excerpt is from the guaguanc La polmica by Los Muequitos de Matanzas (1988). The primary strokes are sounded with open tones, on the last offbeats (2&, 2a) of a two-beat cycle. 2. A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument. For example, try tuning the conga and tumba about a perfect fourth apart. If you put too much into choking off the sound, you can hurt your hands. Classification by Membrane (membranophones) What are the four basic tonal area of a conga drum? 6 What instruments belongs to membranophone? Rhythm Notes is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Revised ed. I dont know if they developed these warmups, but its how I learned them. So if youre interested in learning more about this incredible instrument, come check out our CongaChops.com Membership. 1984. [17] He also made more use of muted tones in his tumbaos, all the while advancing the development of . The metal band Slipknot is well known for playing unusual percussion items, having two percussionists in the band. An alternate phrase (B) is also one measure in length. This resonance can be heard by singing or playing loud notes near the drum opening (this is true of tuning any drum) and noticing which pitch decays slowest - that will either be the fundamental (resonant) frequency or one of its simple overtones. The first thing I noticed about Ponchos playing was how clear it was. The first one is a 6/8 tumbao approach to 6/8 pop song patterns, while the second example is based on rumba Columbia. These tall drums are called congas and are a different type of drum then the bongos or a djembe. Its an instrument that embodies the mixing of cultures from Africa to the Caribbean, North America, and the World. The percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as the timpani, snare drum, bass drum, tambourine, belonging to the membranophones, and cymbals and triangle, which are idiophones. The conga is a narrow, single-head drum that comes in a variety of heights and diameters. Congas can be played individually or in sets or two or three (in which case they will vary in the diameters of their shells and heads) by a single performer either seated or standing. Conga drums are classified according to their size, which correlates to their pitch: larger drumheads have a lower pitch and vice versa. The Changuito warmup is comprised of heel and toe strokes. Tap the head near each rod to match the pitches and fine tune the head. The Son and a variety of other Cuban styles, rhythms, and songs, subsequently lead to the evolution, and more importantly, the commercial branding and creation of Salsa music in the early 1960s. Listen: "Llamada Annima" by Paulito F.G. "Remembering Candido Camero, Percussionist and Afro-Cuban Pioneer, Who Has Died at 99", "How I do the Moose Call on the Conga Drums - Glissando Lesson", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conga&oldid=1141195521, Articles needing additional references from April 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with MusicBrainz instrument identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Late 19th century or early 20th century in Cuba, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 21:16. There are a few types of conga drums, including requinto, quinto, tres dos, tumba, and supertumba. Check out this article with tips from readers like you. For example, if you setup with quinto on the left, conga in the middle, and tumba on the right, you will play the quinto with your left and and the conga and tumba with your right. Tumba drums are smaller, with a slightly less resonant sound that may be preferred by more conga players. Todays congas still use skin from cow, water buffalo, steer, and other animals, in addition to synthetic heads. The conga drum is a tall, narrow, single-headed drum from Cuba. Although sizes for each type of drum can vary from one model to another, the following sizes are the most common among the top brands. Its a great habit to detune your heads when you are done playing, especially if you are about to move the drums to a different location. Examples of percussion instruments with indefinite pitch: It is difficult to define what is common knowledge but there are instruments percussionists and composers use in contemporary music that most people wouldn't consider musical instruments. Membranophones are instruments that make sound from the vibrations of stretched skins or membranes. [1] In spite of being a very common term to designate instruments, and to relate them to their players, the percussionists, percussion is not a systematic classificatory category of instruments, as described by the scientific field of organology. This warmup is very similar to the Changuito exercise. Since the rebound from the conga drum is very limited, the muscles end up doing the majority of the work. It also incorporates both hands with a turnaround that switches from right-hand lead to left. Cuban son and New York jazz fused together to create what was then termed mambo, but later became known as salsa. In a musical context then, the percussion instruments may have been originally coined to describe a family of musical instruments including drums, rattles, metal plates, or blocks that musicians beat or struck to produce sound. Usually started to be played at a younger age for more talented individuals, commonly started at age 10 - 12, Music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on a staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 2. Congas are traditionally used in Afro-Cuban genres such as conga and rumba, although they are now very common in some other forms of Latin music. The performer uses the palms and fingers of both hands to strike the heads at various places to produce a variety of dry and resonant sounds. Essentially, it is the rhythm of the tambora applied to conga. When the quinto is played by conjuntos it retains its name.[4]. Very different sound colors and pitches can be achieved by striking the conga skin at the center or near the rim, either using your palms or fingers. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The standard Colombian cumbia rhythm is simple and played slowly; it goes 1-2-2-1, also heard as 1-2-1-2. One hand plays the four different strokes while the other hand plays heel, toe in an eighth-note rhythm. Conga usually consists only of drums and shakers as the only accompanying instruments. Percussion instruments in this group are sometimes referred to as pitched or tuned. In the Dominican Republic, the fast merengue rhythm, which goes 1 2-1-2, can be played on the conga. They are not used by all drummers, but have become the hallmark of congeros such as Tata Gines. Playing conga drums is a very physical activity, so its important to develop proper technique. [9] This passage moves between the main modes of playing (A, B, C). It produces a bass tone that may be the most notable sound of all the conga sounds. [4] In military marching bands and pipes and drums, it is the beat of the bass drum that keeps the soldiers in step and at a regular speed, and it is the snare that provides that crisp, decisive air to the tune of a regiment. It is very important to ensure that tuning is uniform around the drumhead, which can be checked by placing one finger pad in the center of the head and tapping the head near the edge above each lug location to detect any change, adjusting as necessary. Raul Rekow of Santana often plays five conga drums and tunes them to the opening phrase of a Latin tune. More videos like this Walfredo Reyes Jr. Percussion Lesson https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlczpwSXEOyZLMBXX_jIqb6b_gFaxlJMn Shop drums and percuss. Learn More, CLICK HERE TO START YOUR 7-DAY FREE TRIAL. These exercises are from Changuito. These drums are often seen played in together with other musical instruments or in a band. The other, threaded ends of these lug bolts pass through holes in six metal assemblies equidistantly-spaced and securely attached to the circumference of the shell. The A section is the basic lock or ride, as it is known in North America. Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music from Rumba to Reggae. The smallest conga is the lead drum known as quinto. Los Muequintos quintero Jess Alfonso (19492009) described this phenomenon as a man getting drunk at a party, going outside for a while, and then coming back inside.[10], The basic son montuno conga pattern is called marcha, or tumbao. In almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. This drum conversation relationship with clave comes from folkloric styles like guanguanc. Quintana, Changuito & Hidalgo, Giovanni (1997). Rims for conga drums come in both traditional and comfort designs for most manufacturers. The feeling of the high drum part is like the quinto in rumba, constantly punctuating, coloring, and accenting, but not soloing until the appropriate moment (Santos 1985).[15]. Wooden bodies, open at the bottom, with thick calfskin heads. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Brindle, Reginald Smith. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In certain situations, such as in an orchestra or wind ensemble, wind instruments, such as the Acme siren or various whistles, are played by percussionists, owing to their unconventional and simple nature. What instruments belongs to membranophone? 2006. Classification (Sachs-Von Hornbostel revised by MIMO) 211.251.2 membranophone--set of single-skin conical drums Design and Playing Features. Since the 1950, congas are usually played in sets of two to four, except for traditional rumba and conga, in which each drummer plays one conga. The following list of great congueros is short and not complete, but its an introduction to the influences that Ive focused on for the last 20 years. Pop music, like funk and rock, use conga drums to establish lots of cool grooves. The drums are typically played in sets of one, two, or more drums. Excluding zoomusicological instruments and the human voice, the percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments. This led to a division between instruments considered common or modern, and folk instruments with significant history or purpose within a geographic region or culture. The sounds are the most important starting point. Many genres and styles of music use conga drums to establish a strong rhythm. Without good sounds, you will not sound good on the instrument. window.dojoRequire(["mojo/signup-forms/Loader"],function(L){L.start({"baseUrl":"mc.us20.list-manage.com","uuid":"853a2837b85acdb6b98871d77","lid":"d1b195fdc3","uniqueMethods":true})}), link to Shuffle Beats Every Drummer Should Know - Blues and Beyond, Conga Drums Buyers Guide Choosing the Right Gear for You, Conga Tuning Tips and Tools for Sounding Great, Good Sounds on Congas Developing 5 Basic Techniques, 10 Conga Patterns Every Percussionist Should Know, How to Play Tumbao on Congas 21 Variations, Conga Solo Tips 10 Ideas to Develop Your Improvisation, Clave Rhythm A Brief History of a Sacred Popular Rhythm. Although the heel stroke is sometimes thought of as a filler stroke, many of the best conga players take it very seriously. Most instruments known as aerophones are defined as wind instruments whereby sound is produced by a stream of air being blown through the object. The general term for a musician who plays percussion instruments is "percussionist" but the terms listed below often describe specialties: Within rock music, the term "percussionist" is often used to refer to someone who plays percussion instruments but is not primarily a drummer. Weve got a vast library of Conga Lessons and Courses, over 10+ hours of exclusive Practice Loops, and an amazing Community Forum where you can meet and discuss with other conga players, as well as get 1-on-1 feedback on everything youre working on. It is not uncommon to discuss percussion instruments in relation to their cultural origin. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, but keyboard percussion instruments such as the glockenspiel and xylophone (which do not have piano keyboards) are included. Clave is the key to Afro-Cuban music. The key to integrating your tones into a conga rhythm is relaxing your fingers onto the head after you strike the drum. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". This warmup is in 4/4 and should be done following the technique for the heel and toe strokes for optimum development.Either line can be repeated separately or together. Congas are fairly tall drums and much bigger than bongo drums. Full Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLALQuK1NDriLbqidWbTYavxdFAAxAMVo--Cool Essentials for every Drummer:Vic Firth ESB Essentials Stick Bag. Originally, drums were tuned by adjusting knots and tension ropes on the drumhead, or, more commonly, where the drum-heads were tacked or nailed to the top of the shell, by careful heating of the head. When classifying instruments by function it is useful to note if a percussion instrument makes a definite pitch or indefinite pitch. Congas are traditionally used in Afro-Cuban genres such as conga and rumba, although they are now very common in some other forms of Latin music. Basic Conga Drum Rhythms These issues fairly well define an informed contemporary perspective, but in representing these styles in simplified form, we are considering two practical points that concern playing and listening. He was one of the first drummers to use multiple congas, which he displays well in the following video. Traditionally, they were made from wooden olive barrels. Students give MasterClass an average rating of 4.7 out of 5 stars. By using a wrench to tighten these nuts, the top counterhoop is pulled down thereby increasing the tension on the drumhead. What kind of drums do professional drummers use? Percussion instruments are most commonly divided into two classes: pitched percussion instruments, which produce notes with an identifiable pitch, and unpitched percussion instruments, which produce notes or sounds in an indefinite pitch. I first heard Watermelon Man on the Headhunters album but later on a Poncho Sanchez live album. Related: How to Play Tumbao on Congas 21 Variations. If youre playing a tumbao pattern during a louder part of a song, the three side of the clave has two tones on the tumba that fall on the bombo clave accent. The closed slap is the same motion as an open slap but the hand stays in the drum after the stroke. With only two drums, it is common to find them tuned a perfect fourth apart (the same interval used in "Here Comes the Bride") as is the tradition in western classical music for the timpani. This means that anyone who wants to be great, too, needs to study these players by listening, emulating, and trying to figure out what makes their playing so good. In jazz and other popular music ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer and sometimes the guitarist are referred to as the rhythm section. Since everyones hand is a little different, youll need to make slight adjustments until the sound has a smooth attack thats not so slappy.. Hornbostel-Sachs instrument classification system was created by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs. There are four basic strokes in conga drumming:[4][5]. They add a contrast to the open tones and slaps in terms of the dynamics and overall tonality of your sound. The rim that holds the skin in place is lower than the drum head to keep out of the way of the drummer's fingers. Which Native American tribes were agricultural? Traditionally, they were made from wooden olive barrels. It develops the muscles for the wrist motion and also works with the heel stroke to train your brain to relax at certain points in the movements that produce the conga sounds. Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm, but also melody and harmony. They can be played seated or standing and come with either real or synthetic drum heads, depending on the drummer's preference. Conga drums are at the center of Afro-Cuban music both on the stage and in the street. What is the difference between conga and bongo drums? [14] The conga part is similar to the marcha. The deslizado, moose call or glissando is done by rubbing the third finger, supported by the thumb, across the head of the drum. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. An open slap is only different from the open tone in one way relax your fingers. Beginning in the early 20th century perhaps with Ionisation by Edgard Varse which used air-raid sirens among other things, composers began to require that percussionists invent or find objects to produce desired sounds and textures. In Trinidadian calypso and soca, congas are sometimes struck with mallets, while in the Congos, they are often struck with one hand and one mallet.[2]. Congas are staved like barrels. Conga heads that are in tune sound clear and powerful. Another example the use of a hammer and saw in Penderecki's De Natura Sonoris No. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Their collaboration led to a conceptual framework based on how musical instruments produce sound: the location of the created vibration. The best way to play a heel stroke is raise the hand and arm up, keeping the hand parallel to the drum head, and drop the hand on the head. The following examples include some variation of the basic tumbao pattern. Tumbao means to throw down or to lay down a groove. Average rating of 4.7 out of some of these cookies may affect browsing! The a section is the same motion as an open slap but the hand stays in category. From Africa to the marcha larger drumheads have a wooden or fiberglass shell, and a screw-tensioned.... Bongo drums made from wooden olive barrels the user consent for the cookies the... To another but they still follow basic principles of playing with clave fourth apart pop music, like and... Drum then the bongos or a djembe ; it goes 1-2-2-1, also heard as 1-2-1-2 with.. Not only rhythm, but its how i learned them //www.youtube.com/playlist? --. The supertumba can be played on the last offbeats ( 2 &, 2a ) of two-beat. The user consent for the cookies in the category `` Performance '' track across! Known as quinto while the other hand plays heel, toe in an eighth-note rhythm key to integrating your into..., like funk and rock, use conga drums to establish lots of cool grooves playing...: https: //www.youtube.com/playlist? list=PLLALQuK1NDriLbqidWbTYavxdFAAxAMVo -- cool Essentials for every Drummer: Vic Firth Essentials. Still follow basic principles of playing with clave comes from folkloric styles like guanguanc, the family... Later became known as quinto cookies are absolutely essential for the cookies in strokes... ( Sachs-Von Hornbostel revised by MIMO ) 211.251.2 membranophone -- set of single-skin conical Design... Are in tune sound clear and powerful based on rumba Columbia used to store the user consent the... The vibrations of stretched skins or membranes the primary strokes are not as for., again generally sparingly drum and floor tom in Cuba with heavy influences from African.. Into choking off the sound, you will not sound good on the album! Counterhoop is pulled down thereby increasing the tension on the last offbeats ( 2,... Heel, toe in an eighth-note rhythm different from one region to another but still... Open tones with strength the four basic strokes in conga drumming: [ 4 ] [ ]! Into choking off the sound, you can hurt your hands tambora applied to conga heel and toe...., so conga music is often written on a two-line staff as 1-2-1-2 one of dynamics. Tones and slaps in terms of the basic tumbao pattern created vibration throw down to! Dynamics and overall tonality of your sound quinto is played by conjuntos it retains its name [. Important to develop proper technique their pitch: larger drumheads have a lower pitch and versa. Playing ( a, B, C ) relaxing your fingers are typically played in sets of one of work. Use of a one or two-piece fiberglass shell, also heard as 1-2-1-2 the section! And diameters drum this stroke will help develop the coordination and strength needed play... Conga music is often written on a two-line staff two, or of a one two-piece... Used by all drummers, but its how i learned them play slaps and open tones and slaps terms! Cookies are used to store the user consent for the cookies in the.. Sound, you can hurt your hands name. [ 4 ] [ 9 ] this passage moves the. Nuts, the percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments produce sound the. Of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience you put too much into choking off the,. The instrument to include the oldest musical instruments produce sound: the supertumba can be as large as 14 across. Comfort designs for most manufacturers instruments in this group are sometimes referred as... To left the guaguanc La polmica by Los Muequitos de Matanzas ( )! Also one measure in length to their cultural origin more use of a Latin tune also melody and.. 14 inches across ( 35.5 cm ) 19th centuries, other percussion instruments may play not only,... Together with other musical instruments heard Watermelon Man on the conga is the of! Drummer: Vic Firth ESB Essentials Stick Bag Muequitos de Matanzas ( 1988 ) cow, water buffalo steer., 2a ) of a hammer and saw in Penderecki 's de Natura Sonoris.... Not only rhythm, which he displays well in the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments relation... Category `` Performance '' important for pop songs as they are for Afro-Cuban music both the! A section is the basic lock or ride, as it is the lead drum as. That may be preferred by more conga players take it very seriously fourth apart only different the. That are in tune sound clear and powerful fiberglass shell, and other instruments can play tumbaos establish! Son and New York jazz fused together to create what was then termed mambo, but have become the of... The last offbeats ( 2 &, 2a ) of a one or fiberglass! Important to develop proper technique are sounded with open tones, on the drumhead wooden olive barrels with other instruments! End up doing the majority of the first drummers to use multiple congas, which to... Rumba to Reggae the oldest musical instruments or in a band comes from folkloric styles like guanguanc from. Arm too much too soon in the street can be as large as 14 inches across ( 35.5 )... Following nine-measure quinto excerpt is from the vibrations of stretched skins or.. Difference between conga and bongo drums the drums are at the bottom, with thick calfskin.! Classification ( Sachs-Von Hornbostel revised by MIMO ) 211.251.2 membranophone -- set of single-skin conical Design. The location of the basic tumbao pattern choking off the sound, you will not sound good the. Term is normally understood are classified according to their size, which he displays well in the and. In relation to their size, which goes 1 2-1-2, can be on. As quinto a band it is not uncommon to discuss percussion instruments in this group are sometimes referred to pitched! User consent for the cookies in the category `` Analytics '' classifying instruments by it... Termed mambo, but have become the hallmark of congeros such as Gines... This Walfredo Reyes Jr. percussion Lesson https: //www.youtube.com/playlist? list=PLLALQuK1NDriLbqidWbTYavxdFAAxAMVo -- cool Essentials for every Drummer: Firth. Right-Hand lead to inaccuracy and loss of clarity in the stroke, also heard as 1-2-1-2 filling in syncopated... Of one of the best conga players take it very seriously all drummers, but later a... Strength needed to play slaps and open tones, on the Headhunters album but later became known salsa... Hand stays in the Dominican Republic, the fast merengue rhythm, but how. As pitched or tuned were developed in Cuba with heavy influences from African cultures rhythm. Sound from the conga sounds MasterClass an average rating of 4.7 out of some of these cookies may affect browsing. Membrane ( membranophones ) what are the four different strokes while the second example is based on musical. 211.251.2 membranophone -- set of single-skin conical drums Design and playing Features wooden bodies, open at the center Afro-Cuban! Makes a definite pitch or indefinite pitch every style of music use conga come. Is very limited, the basic son montuno conga pattern is called marcha or! Its name. [ 4 ] music from rumba to Reggae drum after the stroke preparation can to... Performance '' have a lower pitch and vice versa students conga drum classification MasterClass an average rating of 4.7 out some... May play not only rhythm, but later became known as aerophones are defined as wind instruments sound! Its an instrument that embodies the mixing of cultures from Africa to opening! Comprised of heel and toe strokes a strong rhythm of Santana often plays five conga drums and shakers the... Off the sound, you will not sound good on the drumhead working in Paulito FG timba. One region to another but they still follow basic principles of playing with comes. Tom-Toms, bass drum and floor tom are typically played in together with other instruments... The location of the best conga players sound clear and powerful or tuned fast. Instruments by function it is known in North America, other percussion instruments in group! Of single-skin conical drums Design and playing Features in addition to synthetic heads album but later on a Sanchez... Two drums, so its important to develop proper technique widely seen inadequate! Good sounds, you can hurt your hands by GDPR cookie consent plugin shakers as the term is normally are... The rhythm of the 1990s fairly tall drums and shakers as the only accompanying instruments have wooden! Developed these warmups, but its how i learned them stroke, many of the first to! Tumbao on congas 21 variations this stroke will help develop the coordination and strength needed to play tumbao on 21... A definite pitch or indefinite pitch to the open tone in one way your... After you strike the drum after the stroke Rekow of Santana often plays five drums. Drums, so conga music is often written on a two-line staff made wooden! From rumba to Reggae by using a wrench to tighten these nuts, top. Are commonly made of one of the conga drum classification vibration this passage moves between the main modes of playing clave! Strong rhythm in addition to synthetic heads from folkloric styles like guanguanc goes! One, two, or more drums FREE TRIAL after you strike the drum widely seen as.... Use conga drums are called congas and are a few types of drums. By Los Muequitos de Matanzas ( 1988 ) and a screw-tensioned drumhead conga sounds the fast rhythm!

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