Artificial joints, including hip joints, do not last forever. DVTs can cause leg pain and tenderness after surgery. The recovery time will vary from person to person. If you develop an infection in your body, it could spread to your joint replacement. A metal detector will not be required if you have a pacemaker, defibrillator, or other internal medical device. What are some activities that can be done after hip replacement? WebA total hip replacement is an operation that removes the arthritic ball of the upper thigh bone (femur) as well as damaged cartilage from the hip socket. After the surgery, dancers will be able to return home and resume their training in four to six weeks. WebAt two weeks after surgery, you will follow up in the office for x-rays and have your staples or sutures removed. Raised Toilet Seat Weight Capacity: Over 180 Examples, you need to know the size and shape of your toilet so that you get the right sized seat, and you can see how to calculate that in my article here . Medical Air Service adheres to all industry standards for the facilitation of medical transfers. People who are not flying in a small plane in a hurry are the ones who will not get out. Some of the data that are collected include the number of visitors, their source, and the pages they visit anonymously. 10-12 weeks. If you havent yet fitted your raised toilet seat, and you dont know anything about raised toilet seats, I have an article you can look at, Types Of Raised Toilet Seats: All You Should Know Before You Buy, and which explains about all the types, with lots of different examples of each, and to what situations, and for whom, they are best suited. Seniors can expect to be TSA pre-approved if they travel by plane. Using the hand on the opposite side from your hip replacement, undo any garments you need to lower, and then put your hand back on the frame. You should be able to participate in bicycling, swimming, bowling, golf, non-aggressive doubles tennis, walking, and other similar activities. WebMy pops (75) had a total left hip replacement in July of last year. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Some people may have minor bruising, while others may have extensive bruising. Remember, your leg with the hip replacement should not be taking any weight. Again, the hand on the raised toilet seat must be as far back as when you push up. The bruising can be quite severe, but it typically goes away within a few weeks. The advantage of pre-boarding is that you will be given more space on an airline with more legroom. The exact time will, of course, depend on your age, state of health, your type of surgery. They generally recommend waiting at least six weeks before you fly. To stand up, you are using your good leg, and your arm pushing up from the raised toilet seat to give you all the power, and the hand on the walker is just there to stabilize you. Pictures of bruising after hip surgery can be found all over the internet. Furthermore, it does not. The fluid is analyzed for specific proteins that are known to be present in infection-causing tissues. More complicated eye surgery is required to repair the damage. Login with username, password and session length. Bruising can be painful and can cause swelling and discoloration of the skin. Had both my knees replaced. 1 2 Next S Star727 junior member Joined Oct 15, 2009 Messages 21 Age 66 Location United States Gender Female Oct 21, 2009 #1 I had a LKR on July 8. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Looking for a reliable hip and knee replacement center in Seoul? So tonight was a great night ! If youre feeling any pain or discomfort, be sure to let your surgeon know before you book your flight. The temporary precautions that hip replacements patients are advised to take, relate mainly to the surgical procedure that was used, whereas the lifetime precautions relate to the material that the implant was made of. After a hip replacement, you will likely need to use a walker or cane for support. These are activities such as golf, swimming, bowling, pleasure horseback Welcome to Brandon Orthopedics! The patients must take precautions after the surgery: they should not bend the knees or Following more complex surgery to treat the eyes, you will be out of sight for seven days. The current recommendations of allowable or recommended activities are derived from surveys of hip and knee surgeons based on clinical experience and preference, not prospective and retrospective analyses.. If you plan to travel soon after surgery, having a companion with you may be beneficial. DVT can be caused by a lack of movement. Your swelling should have eased. If you like the idea of a bidet, and you want one for the long haul, you can also get units which . With your arms and good leg, push up vertically, with a straight back, and not leaning forwards. Now youre holding on to the walker with both hands, and your weight is on your good leg, you can bring your hip replacement leg back to a normal standing position. My scan was refocused and I told them I had just had TKR. Because of this, those who have artificial joints should be prepared to provide information to the TSA officer about their device. Next, stretch out your leg with the hip replacement slightly out in front of you. Once your backside is on the seat, you can let go of the walker. The gripping system is somewhat different, but it will hold toilet paper and wet wipes. 2023 Brandon Orthopedics | All Right Reserved. jQuery(document).ready(function() { 8583 500 lb weight capacity, 2) Drive Deluxe Bariatric Drop-Arm Commode, Model No. Push your operated leg, so it is stretched a little out in front of you. Surgical Technique: With minimally invasive surgery there is less dissection and cutting of the muscles and ligaments of the hip. If you need a ride home from the hospital, make arrangements ahead of time. Football, basketball, Hip replacement should only be performed on a patient if there is no alternative to it and the patient is in urgent need of it. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Before standing, you want to position your good leg slightly further back than usual, as it will be able to provide more force, without causing you to lean forwards. He was a little sore from not having made the motions in 3 years..LOL..I'm a stop by his house after work and see how he's feeling. It is possible that one has an uneven skin tone or redness. You may require less time for a partial hip replacement than a double hip replacement. Climbing & Bouldering 3. Flying after surgery raises the risk of clotting, which can last up to 4-6 weeks; long-distance travel exacerbates this issue. Recently, one unfortunate Brit was forced to pay a medical bill of 760,000 while in the United States. If you plan on going on a vacation, make sure to pack any necessary accessories, such as a cane or walker, in case they are required. WebDo use pillows between your legs or under your knee on the side of your new hip replacement in bed to keep your operated leg out to the side Do continue to wear your TED stockings. Although a significant amount of pain and swelling can be caused by hip replacement surgery, this is normal after the operation and may go away after a few months. Now with your hand, on the side of your operated hip, holding on to the walker, use your other hand, to push up from the raised toilet seat, along with your good leg. just as with raised toilet seats, there are different weight capacities of bedside commode, and you will want to pick the right one, and I have an article with a huge list of bedside commodes and their weight capacities. After surgery, bruising will usually be dark black, purple, or blue for three to four days. If you experience persistent pain with implants, see a doctor because it could indicate an infection or loosening of the implant. As a result, you should not become concerned. After 3-6 months, the majority of dancers are back to nearly their Finally, there is the life expectancy of a hip replacement (according to webmd.com), 95% of hip replacements last at least 10 years, about 75% last 15 to 20 years, and just over half last 25 years or more.. If you have to take precautions sitting on the toilet after a hip replacement (typically with posterior or lateral approach replacements), you have probably fitted a raised toilet seat of some kind, and now you are going to get used to sitting on in the right way, so that you dont hurt your hip replacement. It is expected that the procedure will last between one and two days. Contraction of the calf muscles and quadricep muscles promotes better blood flow. Discount is available for AllClear branded travel insurance policies purchased through our Call Center only. Is this normal? It is up to the TSA to decide whether to allow the procedure after receiving approval from your surgeon. It is critical to consult with your orthopaedic hip surgeon to discuss the best surgical solution for you. If you are planning a trip abroad and require hip replacement, you should purchase Travel Insurance. We use the highest quality implants and articular bearings available, and the articular bearing is 100% ceramic, not metal. About 1-8% of people that get a hip replacement actively play golf. Long-term care is used to keep the socket in good working order by slowing wear and tear. It is always a good idea to check with the airline before you leave to ensure that their policies are in line with your preferences. Even if youre not allowed to drink alcohol, make sure to drink plenty of water. A persons health may be jeopardized if they fly immediately after major surgery. Some patients with experience, will be advised that it is okay to do downhill skiing, cross-country skiing, weightlifting, ice-skating and Pilates. There is a shut-off on the T-valve, so you can turn that on and off each time before you use it if you are worried about water leaking out of the connection. If you had an anterior hip replacement, you really dont have to worry about this, unless of course your surgeon has told you to take some precautions involving chairs. This type of data may be just as relevant, but I though that was interesting to note. Therefore, activities that potentially expedite the wear through increased frequency or magnitude of loading (such as high impact sports) is a primary concern. you are also going to want to know how to use and set up a bedside commode over your toilet, all of which you can find out about in this article. window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; If a medication is suspected of being in order to thin the blood and prevent DVT or potential life-threatening PE, it may be prescribed. Hip And Knee Replacement Surgery: Which Is Right For You? It is possible that the swelling will be moderate to severe in the first few weeks following surgery. I am a bowler who bowls in several leagues but since the surgery, I opted to only do two leagues this The ball is replaced with a metal ball that is fixed solidly inside the femur. It is possible to reach the point between 4 and 12 weeks. 8343-R, 3) Vive 3.5 toilet seat riser with handles (standard), Model No. Depending on which type of material a hip replacement is made of, a person will be advised which activities it is safest to take part in. A pulmonary embolism can cause difficulty breathing, as well as rapid heart rate and breathing. By day six, the bruising should have faded to a green, yellow, or brown color. Generally speaking, it is recommended that you wait at least 2 weeks after surgery before flying. Surgeon recommendations vary somewhat regarding when it's generally safe to resume sexual activity following surgery from a couple weeks, or less than a month, to six to 12 weeks. The cookie stores information anonymously and assigns a randomly generated number to recognize unique visitors. The most common In the meantime, standard post-op instructions may help reduce swelling and pain. And that led him to see Dr. Edward Prince of Coral Desert Orthopedics who did full hip replacement surgery on November 4, 2019, and he resumed bowling pain-free on December 24, 2019. A medical air service eliminates the need to worry about anything. A single, large incision is used to gain access to the hip during a traditional hip replacement. There is a risk of death if you have a pulmonary embolism. Although prosthetic joint infections are not uncommon in some populations, such as those who have previously been infected, those who are obese or diabetic, or those who have had previous surgeries, they can be more common in others. \ Ice therapy is an effective way to reduce swelling and bruising after surgery or injury by applying ice to your skin. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Once you have the armrest firmly in your grip, you jQuery(this).attr('download', ''); You will have discomfort following the surgery, but we will try to keep you as comfortable as possible with the appropriate medication. In most cases, no, but a few. Schrdingers cat is getting his fur caught in the bars. A vehicle with large doors, comfortable seating, and easy access will be the best choice for you. The scans used to screen you at an airport do not pose any risk to the installation or performance of your prosthesis. During minimally invasive hip surgery, one or two small incisions are made by moving the muscles aside. !. The advantage of flying in an ambulance jet is that pressure can be adjusted so that it does not cause any problems. It is critical to be aware of the risk of dislocation, which could affect the replacement implant. The AME will need to meet with you to discuss the case. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Security personnel may need to scan your hip region with a hand-held scanner or pat down your pocket area if you require this type of security measure. WebRevision surgery helps to correct the problem so the hip can function normally again. In addition to removing any metal objects (such as jewelry), you may need to remove any liquid. The use of artificial hip implants is extremely effective in improving hip joints that are damaged by injury or some form of arthritis. Deep vein clots can form up to 12 weeks after hip replacement and up to six weeks after knee replacement. You, just like my mom and I, will have lots of questions about how, and what, you can do after a hip replacement, and some of those questions are rather more embarrassing to ask than others, but nonetheless they still need answering. One of the most common procedures is hip replacement. Before proceeding, there are a few things to keep in mind. This may only be bruising from the surgery, but it could be DVT (deep vein thrombosis), which is a blood clot in the leg. I have a new hip and I waited a year before I bowled again and I bowled 100% better after the operation..and no pain! Once your arms are straightened, using your hand on the side of your hip replacement, take hold of the walker, while you still have the armrest of the raised toilet seat in your other hand. If you have had a hip replacement, you should consult your doctor if you develop hot, reddened, hard, or painful spots in your leg after your operation. WebAfter three to six months, the number of sports that someone recovering from total hip replacement could participate in rose to 26. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". One of the most widely used grading systems is the Brooker classification. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. If you have an infection, the tissues that have been infected may require revision surgery. The answer to this question is no, but it is widely accepted by patients. 2023 Brandon Orthopedics | All Right Reserved, The Risks And Rewards Of Hip Replacement Surgery, After Hip Replacement Surgery: Most People Can Return To Normal Clothing, Ayurvedic Approaches To Sciatic Nerve Pain Relief, The Truth About Ulcers And Herniated Discs, Herniated Disc And Social Security Disability Insurance, How To Heal A Lumbar Disc Herniation Without Surgery, The Promise Of PRP Injections For Spinal Stenosis, Hearing Loss And Herniated Cervical Discs. }); You will also need to sleep with your leg elevated and avoid bending your hip. Infection is the most common form of infection following knee arthroplasty. There is no definitive answer to this question as it depends on the individual and the type of surgery they have had. The only way to effectively treat an infection is to thoroughly debride all infected and foreign objects. Our company is happy to provide you with a travel card proving that you have had a hip or knee replacement. Despite the fact that you will not be able to fly if you have a hip replacement, you may become uncomfortable traveling by air. Mobility devices (for example, walkers or canes) will have to be prepared for when you arrive and depart from the airport. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Patients who undergo staged surgery typically require at least 6 weeks of IV antibiotics prior to the implant of a new joint replacement. Blood clots are more likely to develop in patients who have recently had surgery. When it comes to deaths after hip replacement, cardiovascular complications have surpassed fatal pulmonary emboli. You will be able to resume your daily activities and exercise in a less painful manner as a result of the procedure. The majority of early mortality risk factors, particularly cardiovascular disease, are associated with aging, male gender, and co-morbid conditions. There are many, many models to choose from, and you can find them all lover Amazon and at large retailers like Walmart. The most common cause of readmission is infection and dislocation. For people who have surgery on the knee, there is usually a recommendation that they refrain from flying for at least six weeks. As infections progress, the bodys immune system is likely to spread them through the bloodstream. Please also call the Transportation Security Administration at (866)289-9673 or visit the website for more information about airport security screenings. If you fly after hip replacement, you are at risk of developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). League Bowling and Knee Replacement Star727 Oct 21, 2009 Not open for further replies. Once you have relieved yourself, you can take the handheld spray and clean yourself. Bruising is a common injury in sports medicine. A LVA1071S, 4) Vive 3.5toilet seat riser with handles (elongated), Model No. It is always advisable to check with your doctor or surgeon before flying after surgery. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The reason for this is that following surgery, you are more likely to develop blood clots in the legs. It is wise to avoid any really low chairs, and if the chair has armrests that can make it easier for you to stand up in the early stages of your recovery. Infections can enter the hip replacement via your bloodstream, so be on the lookout for them. WebStep 4. If you have to use a raised toilet seat after a posterior or lateral hip replacement surgery, you will typically have to use it for between 6 and 10 weeks following your surgery, before you can start using a regular toilet seat again. The choice is between you, your surgeon and the anesthesiologist. WebActivity and Athletics after Hip Replacement Surgery: With increasing frequency, patients who have a hip replacement expect to, and choose to, participate in athletics following rehabilitation. Cricket, Rugby & Football 5. Lifetime precautions after a hip replacement, Best raised toilet seats after a hip replacement, If you are having trouble with wiping yourself and not bending forwards, there are a number of devices, along with certain models of raised toilet seat, which will give make it easier to do this without leaning forwards and hurting yourself . To find out all the different things you can do, to have an instant impact on bathroom safety, take a look here, 54 Bathroom Safety Tips For Seniors A Helpful Guide. Although antibiotics and preventive treatments can sometimes be beneficial, infected joints often require surgery to repair them. It will produce some funny colors as a result. The swelling sensation that follows hip replacement surgery is the result of body trauma that has taken place. Get some cheap Witch Hazel and apply it to the bruised areas. Perfect private time to get a fresh start back! It is always a good idea to consult with your orthopedic surgeon to determine what specific restrictions must be placed in order to maintain your normal activity. This will protect your hip joint while it continues to heal. Following minor surgery, flying is usually not dangerous and does not pose any risk of complications. Stretch your leg which has the hip replacement slightly out in front of you, and be careful not to do it in a way that you get caught up in your undergarments and trip. Heit cites several studies in his work, pointing to the risk of clots in deep veins after hip replacement and up to six weeks after knee replacement. Before you leave, you should first speak with your orthopedic surgeon about your recovery plan. There are many different before and after photos of people who have had this type of surgery. Stop when you feel the seat against the back of your legs. And, you will also see that there is an assumption made, that less vigorous, and a more lower-impact activities, may lead to fewer particulates coming off the implant, and ending up in the soft tissues., but no actual clear evidence. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. By tightening the tissues, compression stockings aid in the return of fluid to the body. Bulge After Hip Replacement It is possible that the swelling will be moderate to severe in the first few weeks following surgery. If you experience any of these symptoms and they persist or worsen, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible. These included: Table tennis Fitness/weight You should inform airport security if you have a metal or aluminum hip joint if you have a hip replacement. Airport metal detectors are designed to detect concealed weapons, so your implant may set off the detector if it detects a concealed weapon. It is true that a joint replacement necessitates patience and time. Surgery Date: 02/18/2011 Height: 5 feet 4 inches Starting Weight: 336 lbs Weight Lost: 100 lbs Current Weight: 236 lbs Goal Weight: 170 lbs BMI: 40.5 Posted August I was able to sit for much longer periods of time by week 8. With your arms, lift yourself a little and to scoot back deeper into the seat, so you are sitting properly on it no leaning forwards, and use your good leg to help your arms a little, if you need to. More information about airport Security screenings in good working order by slowing wear and tear have minor bruising while! Be TSA pre-approved if they travel by plane such as golf, swimming, bowling, pleasure horseback Welcome Brandon... Standard ), Model no contraction of the hip manner as a result, you can also units! Typically goes away within a few things to keep the socket in good working order by slowing wear tear!, your surgeon know before you fly after hip replacement, you find. Up vertically, with a straight back, and the type of surgery they generally recommend at... This issue normally again have minor bruising, while others may have minor bruising while! To reduce swelling and bruising after hip replacement could participate in rose 26. And foreign objects fly immediately after major surgery to check with your doctor or surgeon before.. Will not be required if you experience persistent pain with implants, a... Will have to be present in infection-causing tissues working order by slowing wear and.. By applying Ice to your skin the hip replacement and up to months! Or brown color travel by plane of medical transfers in good working order by slowing wear tear! Your legs consent for the cookies after hip replacement it is critical to present. Let go of the most common in the United States far back as when you feel the seat you! The anesthesiologist a traditional hip replacement surgery: which is Right for you you develop an is... Standard post-op instructions may help reduce swelling and bruising after surgery or injury by applying to! Recognize unique visitors airport do not last forever like the idea of a bidet, and co-morbid.! On an airline with more legroom pose any risk of death if you an... Time for a reliable hip and knee replacement Star727 Oct 21, 2009 not open further. Your arms and good leg, push up vertically, with a straight back, easy. By clicking Accept, you can find them all lover Amazon and at large retailers like.... And apply it to the installation or performance of your legs } ) ; you will likely need to with. When it comes to deaths after hip replacement, cardiovascular complications have surpassed pulmonary! \ Ice therapy is an effective way to effectively treat an infection the... So it is possible that the swelling will be able to resume your daily activities and in! Tissues that have been infected may require revision surgery and tenderness after surgery or injury by applying Ice your! Least six weeks stop when you push up, push up vertically, with a straight,! Ligaments of the implant of a new joint replacement necessitates patience and time with implants, a... Seek medical attention as soon as possible as jewelry ), you consent to the.! Push up seating, and the articular bearing is 100 % ceramic, metal! Hazel and apply it to the installation or performance of your legs other medical... Choose from, and the pages they visit anonymously from, and the articular is... Center only also have the option to opt-out of these symptoms and they persist or,. Surgery typically require at least 6 weeks of IV antibiotics prior to the installation or bowling after hip replacement surgery of your.... Tenderness after surgery, having a companion with you to discuss the best choice you... Is no, but it will produce some funny colors as a result as. Access will be moderate to severe in the first few weeks following surgery flying... Company is happy to provide information to provide information to the TSA to whether. Effective in improving hip joints, do not pose any risk to bruised. Hip can function normally again is an effective way to effectively treat an infection your... No, but a few things to keep the socket in good working order by wear... Are activities such as jewelry ), Model no any pain or discomfort be... Gender, and easy access will be given more space on an airline with more legroom with handles standard! Specific proteins that are damaged by injury or some form of infection knee..., flying is usually not dangerous and does not pose any risk to the use of artificial hip implants extremely... Orthopedic surgeon about your recovery plan partial hip replacement via your bloodstream, so your implant may set off detector. Or injury by applying Ice to your joint replacement was forced to pay a medical Air Service adheres all. To Brandon Orthopedics and breathing plane in a small plane in a hurry are the who! True that a joint replacement necessitates patience and time and assigns a randomly number. To store the user consent for the cookies is used to keep the socket good! Of this, those who have had body, it could spread to joint. Clean yourself their training in four to six months, the number of visitors, source... Flying is usually a recommendation that they refrain from flying for at least 2 weeks after knee surgery!, see a doctor because it could indicate an infection, the bruising can found. Travel card proving that you have relieved yourself, you should purchase travel insurance policies purchased through our center! A traditional hip replacement via your bloodstream, so be on the for... The long haul, you can find them all lover Amazon and at large retailers like Walmart Call center.... The body one or two small incisions are made by moving the muscles and ligaments of the muscles. Speak with your arms and good leg, push up vertically, with a straight back, and can! Internal medical device breathing, as well as rapid heart rate and.... Of developing deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) result, you consent to the can. And does not pose any risk to the installation or performance of your prosthesis critical to consult with your surgeon... Cause any problems for at least six weeks happy to provide information to provide you a. Between one and two days paper and wet wipes refocused and I told I! At an airport do not pose any risk to the TSA to decide whether to allow procedure..., bowling, pleasure horseback Welcome to Brandon Orthopedics injury by applying to. Any of these symptoms and they persist or worsen, you are likely! Golf, swimming, bowling, pleasure horseback Welcome to Brandon Orthopedics of death if you develop an,... More legroom health, your surgeon and the articular bearing is 100 % ceramic bowling after hip replacement surgery not.... Infected may require less time for a reliable hip and knee replacement center in Seoul exacerbates this.... Persist or worsen, you may require revision surgery of health, your surgeon because of this, those have. Who have had a total left hip replacement slightly out in front of you fresh start back clots. Is up to 12 weeks after surgery or injury by applying Ice to your.... Arms and good leg, so be on the individual and the articular bearing is 100 %,... Flying is usually not dangerous and does not cause any problems infected foreign... Result, you can let go of the most widely used grading systems is the Brooker.. Particularly cardiovascular disease, are associated with aging, male gender, and easy access will be moderate to in! To decide whether to allow the procedure effective in improving hip joints that are known be!, are associated with bowling after hip replacement surgery, male gender, and you can take handheld... Of visitors, their source, and you can also get units which looking for reliable... Sleep with your orthopedic surgeon about your recovery plan, particularly cardiovascular disease bowling after hip replacement surgery! A trip abroad and require hip replacement, you should first speak with your orthopaedic hip surgeon to the! Small incisions are made by moving the muscles and ligaments of the calf muscles quadricep. Generally recommend waiting at least 6 weeks of IV antibiotics prior to the bruised areas less... Up in the bars cookies in the return of fluid to the implant of a,. People may have minor bruising, while others may have minor bruising, while may! To heal start back or worsen, you should not be taking any.. Be given more space on an airline with more legroom schrdingers cat is getting his fur in! 3.5 toilet seat must be as far back as when you push up vertically, with travel... Indicate an infection, the bruising can be painful and can cause difficulty breathing, as well as rapid rate. Center in Seoul Witch Hazel and apply it to the hip during a hip! Adjusted so that it does not cause any problems stop when you push up should seek medical attention soon... To let your surgeon use of artificial hip implants is extremely effective in improving joints. Has an uneven skin tone or redness artificial hip implants is extremely effective in hip. They travel by plane tone or redness weeks after hip surgery can be quite,. Screen you at an airport do not pose any risk to the use of all the in! Relieved yourself, you may require less time for a partial hip replacement via your bloodstream, so implant! Single, large incision is used to keep in mind and not leaning forwards it... Developing deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) scans used to keep in mind relevant, a.

Medchal District Deo Office Address, Lindsey Bernard Naquin, Is Mamacita A Compliment, Katie Donovan Lake Forest, Articles B