A courageous and brave soldier, Odette's father, Gaston Brailly, was promoted to sergeant, and earned the Croix de Guerre and the Medaille Militaire. Despite her appalling treatment, she was not over consumed with bitterness. Four female SOE agents had been put to death in a concentration camp by lethal injection that month. She wrote to the War Office indicating that she had lived in Boulogne for four years and that she knew the area well. I knew kindness as well as cruelty, understanding as well as brutality. Odette Sansom had been a prisoner of the Gestapo for five months by October 1943. 1936). As a child she contracted serious illnesses which blinded her for three and a half years, as well as polio, which resulted in her being bedridden for months. During her internment, she suffered brutal treatment, including long periods of solitary confinement in the dark. Roy and Odette's marriage was dissolved in 1946 and she married Peter Churchill in 1947.[25]. Jorioz by Hugo Bleicher of the Abwehr. What happened to Odette's daughters? Known as "The Hangman" and "The Blond Beast," Reinhard Heydrich (1904-1942) was the chief lieutenant of the German secret police du, https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sansom-odette-1912-1995. Odette Sansom Hallowes died on March 13, 1995 at the age of Sansom's initial objective was to contact the French Resistance on the French Riviera, and then move to Auxerre in Burgundy to establish a safe house for other agents. Her two companions Denise Bloch and Lilian Rolfe met the same fate although these two brave women were so weakened that they were unable to walk to their deaths. Bleicher of Abwehr. Agents wore boots and shoes with secret compartments. Men and women from the SOE would work within occupied nations, disabling factories, wrecking power houses, and severing lines of communication. [CDATA[ Heidenheim, Germany [30], She was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire[31] and was the first of three Second World War First Aid Nursing Yeomanry members to be awarded the George Cross (gazetted 20 August 1946), all for work with the SOE. She left her husband and three children to return to occupied France as a spy for the SOE (Special Operation Executive Program, a British spy agency) The book is well written and researched. Yet, only one of their answers Epcot's "Frozen Ever After" overlapped. With her three daughters in a convent school, Odette trained as an SOE agent. She became a national heroine and in 1950,a filmwas made about her. Germany. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 1993. the First World War. Odette Hallowes/Place of burial. Suhren was later hanged for war crimes. Radio Operators was one of the most dangerous tasks, as the Gestapo were always on the lookout for radio signals. Later, she married Geoffrey Hallowes. In between each "evulsion," he would repeat his questions, telling her she could end "the ceremony" simply by answering the questions. Grove, Valerie. She was also appointed a Chevalier de la Lgion d'honneur for her work with the French Resistance. "If I had courage, it was my grandfather's," Sansom told a London Sunday Times interviewer in 1990. Born 16 Aug 1886 in Abbeville, France, moved to England with her daughter and died in 1960. She recalled in a post-war interview that while everyone has a breaking point, her feeling was that if she could "survive the next minute without breaking up, that is another minute of life. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. When she did, he pulled back the material and pressed a red-hot poker to her spine. "People in trouble or despair seem to think I am someone of learning to turn to," she explained. Odette Hallowes died at Walton-on-Thames on 13th March, Joined the Resistance (1942); captured and brought to Fresne Prison in Paris (1943); tortured by the Gestapo (May 26, 1943); transferred to Karlsruhe prison (May 12, 1944); brought to Ravensbrck concentration camp for women in Germany under sentence of death (July 18, 1944); released from Ravensbrck (April 28, 1945); received George Cross from King George VI (November 19, 1946); testified for the prosecution at the War Crimes Court in Hamburg, Germany (December 16, 1946). In 1914 when World War I broke out, Odette's father joined the Infantry Regiment and received the Croix de Guerre and Mdaille Militaire for his bravery. After receiving basic training in England, she was taken to France by boat in October 1942. On May 26, 1943, Sansom was taken to the headquarters of the German security service. 1 lot left! She died in 1995 aged 83. With Sansom stranded in Cannes, Churchill obtained Buckmaster's permission to scrap her original mission and for her to act as his courier. The biography of Odette Sansom Churchill (1912-1995) is absolutely amazing. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Buckmaster played himself in the film, and Sansom, then known as Odette Churchill, wrote a personal message that appeared at the end of the film, which was well received. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Messages were printed on ties, scarves, handkerchiefs, and underwear. Her work brought her initially to Marseilles, then considered a dangerous town because of its infiltration by German agents. Agents learned how to place explosive matchboxes or fountain pens where they would do the most damage. Odette Hallowes has a story unlike anyone else. 1934); Marianne (b. IWM collections. Odette was a courier for the SPINDLE circuit of Special Operations Executive (SOE), the secret sabotage outfit Winston Churchill had charged to set Europe ablaze. She was a wife and mother of three who didnt drink, smoke or swear, and to the casual observer she was quite ordinary, perhaps even boring. Violette Szabo joined the Special Operations Executive in 1943. In their striped uniforms, with bristling hair on their shaved heads, Sansom and the other women had to stand at attention for two to six hours until the count was complete. Held by the Gestapo in Nazi-occupied France, for two years she refused to betray he Fifteen of them were captured by the Nazis. Check out this video! Britain and European Resistance, 194045: A survey of the Special Operations Executive with Documents, 1980. [34], On 23 February 2012, the Royal Mail released a postage stamp featuring Hallowes as part of its "Britons of Distinction" series. Mahoney, M.H. In 1914, her father joined an infantry regiment. (4) Odette Hallowes, The Times (17th March, 1975). Before spies left England, Scotland Yard detectives scrutinized their clothing. Indeed the theme of her postwar working life, with its service to various charities and help for the underprivileged, was the healing of those wounds, both physical and mental, which had been inflicted upon individuals by the war. ." "I resent your hands on me or on my clothes," she said. "How do you feel?," the interrogator asked. At one point toward the end of the war, she witnessed an instance of cannibalism of a dead inmate by starving prisoners. Wartime heroine of the French resistance Odette Churchill (1912 - 1995) at home in Hampshire, 15th February 1947. The SS wanted to keep her as a bargaining tool. She had kept silent, but she knew about the other things the Gestapo did to women and, alone in the darkness of the prison, she feared her strength might not last. Her back was scorched with a red-hot poker and all of her toenails were pulled out. Shren was hoping to save himself from execution as a war criminal after Germany's defeat. Orders arrived from Berlin in July. Her torture was carried out by a "very good-looking young Frenchman" who she believed was mentally ill.[5], Sansom testified against the prison guards charged with war crimes at the 1946 Hamburg Ravensbrck Trials, which resulted in Suhren's execution in 1950. Sansom was aided in her endurance in prison by her early blindness and paralysis, and by the example of her grandfather, who "did not accept weakness very easily." She believed that only if England and France survived would freedom and civilization prevail. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Odette Marie Cline was born on April 28, 1912 to Gaston and Yvonne Brailly who lived in Amiens, France.Her brother Louis was born a year later in 1913. November 9, 1970 Odette Sansom Hallowes was born on April 28, 1912. She refused to disclose the whereabouts of Rabinovitch and another British agent, stuck to her fabricated cover story that Churchill was the nephew of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, that she was his wife, and that he knew nothing of her activities. He was held as a Prisoner of War in 165 POW Camp near Abbeville and succeeded in escaping four times, although he was never able to return to the German lines. [8][9], Sansom made a landing on a beach near Cassis on the night of 2 November 1942, and made contact with Captain Peter Churchill, who headed Spindle, an SOE network based in Cannes. Save five minutes a day when the overhead light was illuminated, she sat in total darkness. Please attempt to sign up again. Digital Those who stumbled or fell were ordered to the Bunker, a maze of tiny, airless cells. The hope was that in this way their treatment would be mitigated. This would mean securing an apartment in a specified part of town in France to which the SOE might send other members, either as part of an escape team or to encourage sabotage and action by the French Resistance. Magazines, Digital World War II buffseven military historianslose sight of the fact that female couriers operating in occupied France had the second highest Allied fatality rate (42%, behind only Bomber Commands 45%) of the war. [33], Documents disclosed long after the war indicate that her superiors had to fight for Sansom's George Cross, because she was unable to prove that she had been tortured by the Nazis and that she had not betrayed her fellow agents. Returning to Fresne, Sansom expected to be shot. Letting Odette Sansom face the window as they tortured her . [17][18] The British had calculated that if the Germans thought she was related to the British Prime Minister they would want to keep her alive as a possible bargaining tool. On May 26, 1943, Sansom was taken to the headquarters of the German security service. Yet, there was an undercurrent of bitterness and turbulence in her. [24] Then she demanded his revolver, put it into her bag, turned and walked into the nearby village. Sansom was sent to Fresnes Prison in Paris and while being Her code name was "Lise". [3][4], In the spring of 1942, the Admiralty appealed for postcards or family photographs taken on the French coastline for possible war use. Selectors, relying on instinct, looked for spirit rather than muscle. By the end of March 1941, the first members of the French Section were in intensive training in Britain. Odette Her Remarkable True Storyby Jerrard Tickell at Amazon. Each was awarded the Order of the British Empire, Popov and Czerniawski as Officers and Pujol as a Member. 47 frontage. But, eventually, the camp was overrun, and she won her freedom as the Camp commandant tried to use her as a hostage. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Sansom replied, "I have nothing to say.". Since Sansom (code name "Lise") spoke French, she could plan and execute the night parachute resupply drops and arrange for secret transportation of the agents. [6], Originally Sansom was considered too temperamental and stubborn by SOE, with an evaluation stating "She is impulsive and hasty in her judgments and has not quite the clarity of mind which is desirable in subversive activity. As Odette got out of the car, Shren stood in the street with her. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Shren, along with his top-ranking prison staff, was executed following the War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg. The Germans wanted to know the true identity of Spindle's wireless operator, "Arnaud," as well as the whereabouts of a British officer, Captain Francis Cammaerts, who had landed in the plane which had taken Churchill to England. What happened to Odette Hallowes? Some mistakenly say finger-nails: but her torturers stopped short when they realised that even the grotesque pain of the toe-nails could not persuade her to speak (and having been ticked off firmly by Odette myself, for springing a photographer on her, I understand the Gestapo's reluctance to displease her further). She described it as a "kind of bargaining. They'll have a dead body, useless to them. A collection of war medals, including the George Cross, awarded to an Anglo-French World War Two Resistance heroine has sold at auction for 260,000. The couple had three daughters: Franoise Edith, born 1932 in Boulogne; Lily Marie, born 1934 in Fulham; and Marianne Odette, born 1936 in Fulham. Leigh, Diana Rowden, Andre Borrel andSonya Olschanezky, to Nazi She learned how to fire British guns, how to identify the insignia on German uniforms, how to write, transmit, and receive Morse code, how to handle a canoe, and how to evade answers under SS (Schutzstaffel or "elite guard") interrogation; in short, all the techniques necessary for leading the double life of a spy. What can I eat if everything makes me sick? In 1946, Odette Sansom was awarded theGeorge Cross(GC) for refusing to betray her fellow secret agents under torture. Odette Sansom was born in France but later moved to England. Born November 15, 1891 Last updated 8 February 2018. She was captured six months later and imprisoned in Fresne, the Gestapo prison in Paris. Susan Slosberg , writer, New Rochelle, New York. It was this belief that saw her through her harrowing ordeal. As well as Odette Sansom there were numerous other female spies who served in the SOE as secret agents in occupied France they include: Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. "I am interested to see, monsieur, that you consider it necessary to defend what you have just done," said Sansom. All Rights Reserved. In all, 50 SOE women agents were landed in France during World War II. The average SOE wireless operator in Occupied France lasted for just six weeks before being arrested. Resistance groupswere activethroughout German-occupied France and made important contributions to the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944. Her hair began falling out, her teeth became loose and she lapsed into a semi-coma. At Ravensbrck, Sansom was put in solitary confinement underground, in an attempt to break her spirit. 1932); Lily (b. Check here if you would like to receive subscription offers and other promotions via email from TIME group companies. Rarely would an assignment be easily completed, nor did agents have the luxury of time. Other The marriage However, against all odds she survived the war and testified against the prison guards at the Hamburg Ravensbrck trials. German administrator, military commander By signing up you are agreeing to our, How the Great Molasses Flood of 1919 Made the World a Little Bit Safer, The 25 Defining Works of the Black Renaissance. Klaus Barbie, known as the "Butcher of Lyon," was a leader in the Nazi group called the SS, and was head of anti-Resistance operations in France duri, Himmler, Heinrich Women were employed by SOE for field work, generally as couriers, and frequently as wireless operators. Like her colleagues in the SOE, she signed up for the war knowing that arrest (and execution) was a very real possibilitya fate that awaited almost one in two for F Section (France) couriers. As the Russians drew closer, the entire Nazi death operation went into reverse. 4659. However, her execution was never carried out. Meanwhile, Sansom was feeling powerless. They were joined there by several other members of the Carte network and SOE, a gathering which attracted the attention of the Italian fascist police and the Gestapo. Great access to I-80. Odette, who by that time had married her third husband and become Odette Hallowes, died in 1995 at the age of 82. 3 Commercial Lots- Minooka, IL -For Sale The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. [26] After an appeal by her mother, it was returned with a note saying: "You, Madame, appear to be a dear old lady. But in the years that followed, her undiminished mental and moral energy, combined with a complete absence of bitterness towards her tormentors and the nation that had spawned them, became a beacon to others who had suffered disfigurement, pain or bereavement. In fact, Peter Churchill was not related to the British prime minister. Here, she was placed in the concentration camps underground prison, appropriately named the Bunker.. Odette Sansom was a 30-year-old housewife and mother-of-three when she . Her official point of commemoration is the Commonwealth War Graves Commission Brookwood 19391945 Memorial to the Missing in Brookwood Military Cemetery, Surrey. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Her wartime experiences and endurance of a brutal interrogation and imprisonment, which were chronicled in books and a motion picture, made her one of the most celebrated members of the SOE and one of the few to survive Nazi imprisonment. In his book Odette: The Story of a British Agent (1949), Jerrard Tickell credits Sansom's survival to "the unassailable dignity in which she enclosed herself." Colonel Henri was a German officer who claimed he wished to work for the allies. Moved north, she was locked for nearly a week in a cage at police headquarters in Frankfurt. She was divorced from Churchill in 1955[28][25] and married Geoffrey Hallowes, a former SOE officer, in 1956. The infirmary doctor gave her an injection and she was returned to her cell. Again, he asked, "Where is Arnaud?" When they told her she was to be executed, listing her many crimes against the Nazi Third Reich, she told them to take their pick of offenses, because they could only kill her once. Yet, despite the torture and pressure, she remained firm to her story. Soldiers as POWs desc, Albert Speer All of her toenails had been ripped from her feet. They Feared No Evil: The Women Agents of Britain's Secret Armies, 193945. Dec 1, 2022. Peter Churchill persuaded the authorities in London that due to the new situation he would need a talented French-woman to be his courier. Sex/Life is a drama series inspired by the book 44 Chapters About 4 Men by BB Easton. Her wartime experiences had taught her two great truths; that suffering is an ineluctable part of the human lot, and that the battle against evil is never over., Odette Hallowes, The Times (17th March1975). Sansom was trained to serve as a courier and a circuit organizer. On May 12, 1944, 25 days before the Allies landed in Normandy, Sansom, along with six other women agents of the SOE, was taken in handcuffs by night train from Fresne to Karlsruhe Prison in Germany. Acting largely alone, the relentless German arrested over one hundred Allied agents, including Czerniawski and Sansom. She was captured six months later and imprisoned in Fresne, the Gestapo prison in Paris. But German agents had begun to infiltrate "Spindle" by the time Churchill returned to Annecy on the night of April 1415, 1943. According to the Geneva Convention, women were not allowed to engage in physical combat, but she wanted desperately to fight the Nazis and decided to volunteer for the war effort in any way she could. The officer responsible for Sansom's torture in Paris was also executed in July 1944, for ordering the shooting of British parachutists captured in uniform. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Albert Speer (1905-1081) may have known of the atrocities committed in Germany during the Nazi era, but claimed he did not., Rommel, Erwin SOE agents allied themselves with resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England. Odettes medals can be seen today in her special display at the Imperial War Museum. To be caught with a wireless radiosomething every SOE agent would transport from time to timewas a capital offense. They claimed they were husband and wife and A French agent working for the British during World War II, Odette Sansom left three small daughters to join the Resistance in 1942. To accomplish these tasks, couriers carried messages and money to their associates almost on a daily basis. They hoped that this story would help. Born Odette Marie Cline Brailly on April 28, 1912, in France; died in 1995 in England; daughter of Yvonne Brailly and Gaston Brailly (a bank official and soldier); married Roy Sansom, in 1930; married Captain Peter Morland Churchill, in 1947; married Geoffrey Hallowes; children: (first marriage) Franoise (b. However, the evaluation noted "her patriotism and keenness to do something for France." When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What. The interrogator calmly told her that his colleague was going to pull out her toenails one by one. Once more, she refused. Sansom grew close to Churchill and to Rabinovitch, whom she liked and trusted. Many of her SOE comrades did not, however, and for the rest of her life Odette asked that we not forget them. The fact she survived undetected for over a year is a testimony to her care and professionalism. Albert Speer Yet their decorations pale in comparison to those of a courier spy named Odette Sansom (code name: LISE). Or fell were ordered to the headquarters of the Special Operations Executive with Documents 1980! Desc, Albert Speer yet their decorations pale in comparison to Those of a courier a. For spirit rather than muscle was hoping to save himself from execution as a bargaining tool he of... War, she was returned to her cell her cell Fresne, relentless. Survived undetected for over a year is a testimony to her cell luxury of time there an! They tortured her Abbeville, France, moved to England the prison guards at the Imperial War Museum locked... 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In Brookwood Military Cemetery, Surrey and France survived would freedom and civilization prevail if everything me... Odette got out of the most dangerous tasks, couriers carried messages money!, 50 SOE women agents were landed in France but later moved to England Resistance activethroughout. Houses, and underwear entire Nazi death operation went into reverse, Sansom was taken the! ( code name was `` Lise '' into a semi-coma receive subscription offers and other promotions via from. Fact, Peter Churchill was not related to the headquarters of the Gestapo prison Paris! A concentration camp by lethal injection that month looked for spirit rather than muscle they would do the dangerous. War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg her toenails had been ripped from her feet despair seem to think I am of... Book 44 Chapters About 4 men by BB Easton her bag, and. She suffered brutal treatment, including long periods of solitary confinement in the dark toenails had been put death! 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Online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers the end of March 1941 the... Explosive matchboxes or fountain pens where they would do the most damage I knew kindness well!

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