However, studies on residential mobility and its effects on air pollution assessment suggest a very low degree of misclassification (42, 43). Short, timely articles with graphics on energy, facts, issues, and trends. P Rajagopalan Exposures to levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) stratified by power plant type in Florida from 2003 to 2005. Liu F b Nuclear plants are categorized differently because there are no births with 2 or more nuclear plants within 20 km. Thanks to the Northeast Ohio Gas Accountability Project (NEOGAP) for this information. HUD goes further and states that "Operating and abandoned oil and gas wells pose potentialhazards to housing, in Ohio the setback from a homeis 100 feet, Northeast Ohio Gas Accountability Project. Air pollution has been extensively linked to many negative health outcomes ranging from cardiorespiratory diseases (13) to hospitalizations (46) and mortality (7, 8). A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA Spengler et al. We chose first trimester because 1) first trimester exposure to PM2.5 has a strong association with adverse birth outcomes (26), and 2) it ensures that the time over which PM2.5 is averaged is similar for cases and controls. After adjustment for potential confounders, the associations between proximity to power plants and adverse birth outcomes remained consistent. In New York, power-sector emissions ML Please click here to see any active alerts. Williams Natural gas transmission pipelines are wide-diameter pipelines and are often the long-distance portion of natural gas pipeline systems that connect gathering systems in producing areas, natural gas processing plants, and other receipt points to the main consumer service areas. Stieb H For example, among those with term LBW, the percentage of those who lived within 5 km of any power plant (16.1%) was higher than that of controls (14.9%). Practical Guide to Honest Causal Forests for Identifying Heterogeneous Treatment Effects, Modern epidemiology confronts COVID-19: reflections from psychiatric epidemiology, Burden of COPD Attributable to Tuberculosis: A Microsimulation Study, How Effect Measure Choice Influences Minimally Sufficient Adjustment Sets for External Validity, About the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, http://www.epa.gov/airquality/powerplants/, http://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_09_01.html, http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/air-emissions.html, http://www.cdc.gov/pednss/how_to/read_a_data_table/prevalence_tables/birth_outcome.htm, http://msdh.ms.gov/msdhsite/_static/resources/2546.pdf, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Academic Pulmonary Sleep Medicine Physician Opportunity in Scenic Central Pennsylvania, Academic Surgical Pathologist/Breast Pathologist, Census block group annual income, US dollars, 29,643.00 to <38,095.00(second quartile), Copyright 2023 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Hu H Buonocore All active power plants during the study period and eligible births were geocoded and mapped using ArcGIS V10.1 (ESRI, Redlands, California). Initial calculations conducted by the USB determined that about 400,000 standard cubic feet of natural gas had been released into the atmosphere within the 10 minutes prior to the incident. Accessed December 17, 2014, Association between gaseous ambient air pollutants and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Vancouver, Canada, Ambient air pollution and term birth weight in Texas from 1998 to 2004, Traffic-related air toxics and term low birth weight in Los Angeles County, California, Association between local traffic-generated air pollution and preeclampsia and preterm delivery in the south coast air basin of California, Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from Coal-fired Power Plants, Exposure to air pollution during different gestational phases contributes to risks of low birth weight, Congenital abnormalities and indicators of germinal mutations in the vicinity of the Paks nuclear plant, Hungary, Risk factors for low birth weight: a review. Director of Energy Research & Analysis, Guillermo Pereira A Now, I know that 1% does not sound like very much, but give me a moment to explain why this is still significant. Full understanding of safety distances is typically only achieved when it is too late to implement without significant changes. Risk of Nuclear Accident -- Should anything happen to the power plant -- such as in a flood, a fire, an earthquake, or a terrorist attack -- homes within 10 miles of the power plant will be in direct danger. On January 27, 2021, Climate Day, President Biden issued an Executive Order, entitled Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, that addresses climate change policy and environmental justice. The lack of consistent associations between nuclear plants and adverse birth outcomes is consistent with results from several previous studies, which showed no association between distance to nuclear power plants and adverse birth outcomes (1719, 34). Maps, tools, and resources related to energy disruptions and infrastructure. T And since half of Californias natural gas power plants are concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities in the state, these emissions harm communities that are already overburdened with pollution. The CSB is trying to devise better safety codes for gas blows, but has yet to identify them. The following are the required setbacks to minimize exposure at different distances: 100 feet for 50 to 133kV transmission line 150 feet for 220 to 230kV transmission line 350 feet for 500 to 550kV transmission line See the health effects of ozoneand particulate matter pollution. N air pollution, California, clean energy, emissions, natural gas, NOx. Ha The following sections are presented below: There are over 3,400 fossil fuel-fired power plants in the United States. Checking with the relevant authorities is good.The standard AR Although we chose PM2.5 to validate our exposure, power plants also emit other gaseous pollutants including carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxides (41), all of which are highly correlated (30). Notethat this applies to the site boundary, not to theactual well site.". X However, in addition to adjustment for maternal education, which serves as a proxy for socioeconomic status, we also adjusted for census-tract-level median household income from the US Census 2000 to control for ecological (or population-level) socioeconomic status factors. Natural gas typically moves from production sites (natural gas and oil wells) through a network of small-diameter gathering pipelines to natural gas processing plants for treatment. Consequently, daily activity patterns cannot entirely explain the increased risk that we found. Quantifying the risk . Closing large fossil fuel-fired plants may have immediate and lasting effects on the surrounding communities and should be considered when evaluating a community's future potential vulnerability for environmental justice concerns. These pollutants have been linked to adverse birth outcomes in many studies. Women who lived closer to coal and solid waste power plants were exposed to higher levels of particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter compared with other types. N C Reserves, production, prices, employment and productivity, distribution, stocks, imports and exports. PTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 37 but at or after 32 weeks of gestation. You can explore the distribution of all plants for a particular demographic by selecting the label or bar for the demographic. Dong N SC we equip you to harness the power of disruptive innovation, at work and at home. Like most retrospective studies, this study has several limitations. Delfino PC J J In conclusion, our study found evidence of increased odds of adverse birth outcomes among women who lived closer to power plants. Dominici Park Bell Lets plan for a clean energy future that does not lead to even more air pollution in communities already afflicted with pollution. JM Chang Vijayaraghavan M SI Furthermore, we were not able to account for pollutants from other sources such as traffic and industrial emission. Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; PTD, preterm delivery; VPTD, very preterm delivery. NOXandSO2emissions contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and fine PM, which can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular problems, and exposure to mercury can increase the possibility ofhealthissues ranging from cancer to immune system damage. A recent risk analysis estimated that particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone, estimated from the 2005 air quality level, were responsible for 130,000 and 4,700 excess deaths, respectively (9). Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; PM2.5, particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter; PTD, preterm delivery; SD, standard deviation; VPTD, very preterm delivery. Furthermore, our data also showed that proximity to coal and solid waste plants was also correlated to higher PM2.5 emission, which is known to increase the odds of adverse birth outcomes (10). According to projections from the California Air Resources Board, stationary sources account for roughly 21% of NOx emissions, while mobile sources account for a whopping 74% of NOx emission in the state. Does EIA have maps or information on the location of natural gas and oil pipelines? Since then, researchers have further studied this association, including in the California Power Line Study, a 2016 study in the British Journal of Cancer. et al. Uranium fuel, nuclear reactors, generation, spent fuel. A Better Way of Paying for a Reliable Electricity Grid, Minnesota Proves Its Readiness for Carbon-Free Electricity. Results were consistent when exposure was categorized by number of power plants. Financial market analysis and financial data for major energy companies. Gouveia There were 150 active nonrenewable power plants with different fuel types including 17 coal plants, 66 gas plants, 3 nuclear plants, 28 oil plants, 29 solid waste plants, and 7 plants with other types of fuel (e.g., coke, etc.). The results remained consistent when exposure was categorized (Table3). Graphs below summarize the key demographics ofcommunities within three miles ofpower plants. There are a lot of factors that you need to consider. Different countries have a different regulation regarding the measurements of where to reside Gas blows are routine practice within the industry. We obtained the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the increase in odds of having adverse birth outcomes for each 5 km closer to any power plant. Natural gas is burned to generate heat, electricity, and hot water. EPA is committed to Environmental Justice (EJ) - the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people. There is a proposal for the construction of a 130MW, natural gas fired power generation facility near my house. These analyses showed consistent results, suggesting that residual confounding was unlikely. We also categorized the proximity to power For example, higher exposure to sulfur dioxide has been linked to PTD among singleton births (28) and decreased term birth weight (29). , Minnesota Proves Its Readiness for Carbon-Free Electricity and industrial emission were not able to for. 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