Focus Group Discussions and In-depth Interviews Guide. A deeper understanding of the communitys ill-health beliefs is needed to inform the design and implementation of primary health-care services. The investigators consulted the Woreda health extension workers (primary health care practitioners) on the selection of study communities. The emphasis on culture in our genetic counseling training recognizes its crucial role in molding an individual's conceptualization of health, as well as other life aspects, especially since the Filipino culture is a mixture of indigenous as well as imported and borrowed elements. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. Wiki User 2009-11-03 20:50:12 This answer is: Study guides Science 14. Cultural norms function to support the fluid operation of society, and cultural values guide people in making choices. (DOCX 17 kb). Belief in God or Allah was extremely prevalent in the study communities. Too often, indigenous medicine is criticized as harmful traditions as if it was a threat to human health. Pain occurs when one of the substances presents either a deficiency or an excess, or is separated in the body and not mixed with others. Qual Health Res. hbbd```b`` (0 (d9 lz`&&$ D&2$#dB@@lHDIe7sL@o30"? This paper tries to summarise these changing perceptions of disease causation and provide a comprehensive overview. commun.). Cultural theories of crime provide distinct frameworks to understand the influence of human agency, social forces, and peers on behavior. There are 23 Kebeles (the smallest local administrative unit) administered by the Woreda, including 19 rural, 2 urban and 2 semi-urban towns. California Privacy Statement, Ogbogu PU, Noroski LM, Arcoleo K, Reese BD Jr, Apter AJ. Cultural Competence in the Care of Muslim Patients and Their Families. The relationship between diseases and their causes can be approached from different starting-points. In: StatPearls [Internet]. These two ideas were fully appreciated . 4. Presence of worry was also seen as part of being cause of illnesses, as one female participant explained: If he is angry, then he wont do his work, he would just be distracted by worrying too much, I think that might lead to other diseases.But we worry about everything which is another cause of illness; we get ill with the very little thing [Female, Study Community # 4]. and imbalance amongfour vital "humors within us. Mystical causes are often attributed to experiences or behaviors such as ancestral retribution for unfinished tasks or obligations. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Miasma was considered to be a poisonous vapor or mist filled with particles from decomposed matter (miasmata) that was identifiable by its foul smell. State Department guidelines note that staff with confirmed brain injuries from the disease are eligible for over $180,000 (150,000) each. The focus groups lasted 1.52 h and were moderated by MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods. Some live healthy from their childhood without [enough] food or health care. MHK directed the focus groups, key informant interviews and participatory observation, performed the coding, categorized the emerged themes and drafted the original manuscript. We recommend that local governing bodies take into account community beliefs about illness causation when developing and implementing health promotion and disease prevention strategies. 1988 Dec;4(4):160-3. doi: 10.1177/089033448800400409. Helman (1990) presentation of lay theories of illness causation identified four sites; individual patient, the natural Cookies policy. 2016 Nov;46:121-126. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.09.001. In total, 96 people participated in focus groups. Stress from family dynamics or lack of social support from families were also identified as being potential causes of illness: if I dont discuss good things with my husband and kids, if were unhappy, there will be neither peace nor health in the family [Female, Study Community # 1]. supernatural theory of disease ecological theory germ theory multifactorial causation theory no unanimous opinion at least 10% of the people in developed countries and 30% in developing countries still believe in supernatural origin even today superstitions are becoming major obstacles in disease control most of the literates view that disease . Liu Q, Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK. Kickbush I. According to Murdock, supernatural causes include: theories of mystical causation (i.e., fate, ominous sensation, contagion, and mystical retribution); theories of animistic causation (i.e., soul loss, and spirit aggression); and theories of magical causation (i.e., sorcery and witchcraft) [10]. These conditions were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef (genetically acquired disease). Development of understanding in Pathogenesis The remaining 3% of the population live in the malaria free highlands. Nature of qualitative evidence. TG and HB served as supervisors of all data collection, analysis and review of the original paper. Durowaye M, Adeboye M, Yahaya-Kongoila S, Adaje A, et al. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease. He was able to use existing networks and contacts within the indigenous institutions, including traditional leaders and local health officials, thereby gaining access to a very wide cross-section of people. Our study highlighted the importance of the social element in perceptions of illness causation in this study community. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. A guy will be healthy person [if] he keep agrees with his neighbors and doesnt argue, one that doesnt hold grudges, one that lives with others in peace. 1983. p. 155. Soc Sci Med. Participatory observation, over a total of 5months during the span of one year, was supplemented by focus group discussions (n=96 participants in 10 groups) and in-depth interviews (n=20) conducted with key informants. Abstract Disease is an important entity in healthcare. GERM THEORY Germ theory: Microbes (germs) were found to be the cause for many known diseases. What are the cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria Theories of disease causation..ppt 1. Germ theory of disease was proposed by Louis Pasteur. Data obtained from observations and conversations were recorded in field notes, photographs, and audio-recordings. Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. Being healthy means alemelekef [not having a spell]. Constructing evidence within the qualitative project. Development over the centuries of Human Civilization concepts of disease causation remained transforming and still not reached the perfection. Given the large geographical area and the number of small communities in the region, a decision was made to study five communities in depth to make the best use of the time and resources available. The theory posited that diseases were the product of environmental factors such as contaminated water, foul air, and poor hygienic conditions. Nurse Educ Today. I saw it happen as a child. The culture of a people is their identity as it affords them due recognition. 2015;12:140421. http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140421. Chronic Malnutrition begins before birth due to poor maternal health, it can also be as a result of poor breast feeding, infections and lack of availability of proper nutrients in a developing child. The beliefs about supernatural and natural causes found in this study are very similar to those described by Murdock (1980); however, social causes are not articulated in his model. 12. In testing our hypothesis on whether cultural beliefs of infant mortality among working mothers in Nigeria would vary by age, education, and income, we used a hierarchical linear regression analysis to better understand the independent effects of each variable. The first is the monocausal view and emerges from the "conquest" of the infectious diseases. Foster GM. Epub 2022 Jan 25. They speak Amharic, Ethiopias official language. National Library of Medicine A settled man lives in peace and prevents himself from syphilis and gonorrhoea. Prev Chronic Dis. The researchers pursued various strategies to assure the quality of the qualitative data. TWIO. Theories of Disease causation Wilson. They described how lack of enough nutritious food makes people susceptible to infections and diseases. Google Scholar. The researcher was also able to make substantial observations of local activities such as rituals, festivities, public gatherings involving health practices, and converse informally with community members. Theories of Disease January 20, 2022 by Sagar Aryal A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs and symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury is called a disease. Health, religion, and meaning: a culture-centered study of Druze women. Week by week pregnancy (Baby and body development, tips), Human Cardiovascular System- Organs, Functions, Diseases, Human Heart- Location, Anatomy, Structure, Functions, Cell Organelles (Plant, Animal)- Structure, Functions, Diagrams, 16 Types of Microscopes with Parts, Functions, Diagrams, Feezer L. W. (1921). Cultural beliefs on disease causation in the Philippines: challenge and implications in genetic counseling. It is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. There are an estimated 100 million malaria cases with over 300,000 deaths per year in Nigeria. Alice Barrett is in hospital with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), and cannot feed herself. Three views of disease causation may be identified from the literature. Google Scholar. The finding that God/Allah is held responsible, at least indirectly, for causing most illness is a very common finding among third world countries, especially those in Africa [2]. Descriptions of psychological causes of disease were also quite common in these communities: Well, if there are no hustles at ones home and its peaceful, the person becomes healthy. MeSH Pre-modern era theories of Disease causation: Religions often attributed disease outbreaks or other misfortunes to divine retribution - punishment for mankind's sins. This finding, especially the link between lying and ill health may be relatively unique to this cultural setting. The common types of diseases in Nigeria are; Malaria Malaria is a risk for 97% of Nigeria's population. So if he is able to work well and come back home without any stress, he becomes healthy [Male, Study Community # 1]. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist and a scientific blogger. Disobeying elders causes ailment. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. J Hum Lact. Witchcraft Beliefs In Diseases Causation And Health - Seeking Behaviour In Pregnancy Of Women In Calabar South - Nigeria. 1976;4:77382. Published 1 October 1921. Park, K. (n.d.). In my village, we revere big trees, mountains, caves, springs and even unusually shaped stones. Epidemiological triad includes Environment, Agent & host. This article's focus on disease causation derives from the emphasis on the political, economic, and cultural context of illness that characterizes Africanist scholarship in this field. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The dominant frameworks argue that culture is a set of values, beliefs, and actions that are learned through interactions with others. Perhaps one of the more interesting findings of this study was that health is also perceived to be related to peace, happiness, social connections and social support. Health effects of social isolation, loneliness. Tehuledere was selected for the study because of the rich and unique indigenous medicinal beliefs, and practices in the area. In the mid-19th . Study participants were adults over 30years of age identified by health extension workers in the area to be knowledgeable about local health traditions who were willing to participate in a conversation about their health. 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