>> >> /Contents 130 0 R endobj 96 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /First 113 0 R 2. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Properties << >> >> /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /Rotate 0 Some parts of the country, recently categorised in 12 new government-designated opportunity areas, appear stubbornly resistant to every policy initiative of the past 30 years. >> /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj The New Rights 1988 Education Reform Act put in place the policies which aimed to achieve the goal of raising standards. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Parent 17 0 R >> << /StructParents 27 /Type /Page /TT1 121 0 R << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 0000052109 00000 n /Parent 11 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. 79 0 obj /Rotate 0 /TT2 159 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R endobj << schools increasingly teach to the test In order to look good in league tables which may stifle childrens ability to think critically and laterally. 63 0 obj /Properties << << << /Rotate 0 >> Children can choose schools according to their preferences. /StructParents 85 Where did all the GCSE pupils go and why has no one noticed? /TT0 120 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /GS0 125 0 R School vouchers give families a greater level of flexibility. 34 0 obj << >> The tripartite system of secondary education, implemented in the 1944 Act, offered three types of education after the age of 11: grammar schools for the most able, One advantage of standardized testing is that the results of such tests are empirically useful in terms of a large scale. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] The Education Reform Act- Competition and Control, London: Cassell Education limited. /StructParents 32 /Resources << The government stipulated some criteria (children with siblings already at the school got preference for example, and those closest to the school also got preference) but eventually the government allowed some schools to become specialist schools where they were allowed to select 10% of their intake due to aptitude in a particular subject maths, music or sport for example. Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. >> Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. /TT1 121 0 R >> >> He has led efforts to improve public education as a teacher, principal, researcher, and advocate for 30 years. /Parent 12 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Properties << /Resources << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. /F3 122 0 R 28 0 obj /TT0 120 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT2 121 0 R /StructParents 74 >> /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> Registered in England & Wales No. /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /Font << >> >> /ExtGState << /PageElement << /Type /Page /ExtGState << /Type /Page /Font << >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 121 0 R /Resources << /TT2 226 0 R The school you go to still depends on where you live we see parents swapping council houses to come here. As the marketplace stabilized, some companies returned, and others continue to expand . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << << /Rotate 0 /Properties << A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. >> /Title /StructParents 77 /Annots [132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << 54 0 obj 0000000994 00000 n However, the disadvantages would also have to be taken into consideration as it is still unfair for the working class families, there are many aspect which contribute to this . >> >> 0000002006 00000 n /GS0 125 0 R /Parent 3 0 R >> /Contents 248 0 R >> And also there are some advantages the society and the economy can get from the k-12 program such as: The economy will experience accelerated growth in the long run. /Rotate 0 /Properties << /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj /Properties << >> << 3 /Type /Page >> /ExtGState << >> /Type /Page /TT0 120 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page >> >> /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 65 /Parent 19 0 R 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. /TT0 120 0 R . /Type /Page >> /ExtGState << >> /Type /Page /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << >> << /StructParents 89 endobj Also, just because powerful governments have expanded marketisation on a global scale, this doesnt necessarily mean it works for everyone, and there are plenty of criticisms of the negative consequences of the 1988 Education Act as below, Below I summarize EIGHT criticisms of the 1988 Education Act, Concern has been expressed over the harmful effects of over-testing on pupils, especially younger pupils. /TT2 121 0 R << /Contents 255 0 R /Font << /Parent 15 0 R Especially beneficial for kids from poor families. >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT2 159 0 R Although the number of these class-rooms has declined recently, many educa- /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 36 >> >> /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R 40 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Properties << /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << These dimensions underpin the curriculum and the ethos of the school. >> /Type /Page 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R /Contents 304 0 R /Rotate 0 /ExtGState << 0000001551 00000 n endobj endobj /MC0 129 0 R >> /Parent 16 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 6 /GS0 125 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. /Rotate 0 /Parent 16 0 R 100 0 obj /StructParents 70 /OCProperties << << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 159 0 R Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /StructParents 78 /CreatorInfo << /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Parent 11 0 R << Prior to the 1980s it was the Local Education Authorities which allocated pupils to schools in their local areas, and it was the Local Education Authorities which decided school numbers. << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << >> /Parent 11 0 R /Font << /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 50 0 obj 101 0 obj A bit like What car? magazine, but for schools. The advantages and disadvantages of education although seemingly quite clear can be explored to quite a detailed level. << /ExtGState << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /Contents 280 0 R /Type /Page >> << >> >> >> /Type /Page endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] 21 0 obj >> /Resources << The Education Reform Act of 1988 gave the government the authority to control the programme of study at schools and established a . /Name (HeaderFooter) /Type /Pages To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> /Resources << /Type /Page /Properties << /Rotate 0 /Parent 9 0 R Intake and its social class still influences how some parents make their choices and these subtle forces influence selection.. Learn how your comment data is processed. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Rotate 0 41 0 obj << The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. /Contents 128 0 R /Resources << /Contents 267 0 R endobj /StructParents 17 /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Parent 2 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /TT1 121 0 R >> ReviseSociologySociology Revision Resources for SaleExams, Essays and Short Answer QuestionsIntroFamilies and HouseholdsEducationResearch MethodsSociological TheoriesBeliefs in SocietyMediaGlobalisation and Global DevelopmentCrime and DevianceKey ConceptsAboutPrivacy PolicyHome. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The 1997 New Labour and the 2010 Coalition Government which followed kept to the basic system established in 1988. >> 0000003223 00000 n /Font << >> 90 0 obj 115 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R >> /TT2 226 0 R << /Next 307 0 R >> 0000052072 00000 n Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. >> . << << << Marketisation is used to refer to a trend in education policy from the 1980s where schools were encouraged to compete against each other and act more like private businesses rather than institutions under the control of local government. /Resources << /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 221 0 R /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Type /Page The Bill was back on track but women teachers had to wait until 29 December 1975, when the Equal Pay Act 1970 came into force, to be paid the same as their male equivalents. Teachers must present materials in different ways so that all of the students with different learning styles can understand the material. Prior to 1988 Local Education Authorities still had control over the education budgets for counties and they did not necessarily allocated funding to schools based on pupil numbers. /Parent 3 0 R >> For example, if a school is guaranteed the 500 local children will attend their school their would be minimal competition between schools i.e. /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << >> /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 Twenty years after the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA), BELMAS (British Educational Leadership, Management & Administration Society) held a discussion forum for academics, teachers and all those interested in education policy and practice. /Metadata 6 0 R The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 46 >> /ExtGState << The New Right: Underlying Principles. /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << The New Right: Underlying Principles contemporary competitive Education system [ /PDF /Text ] /Font < <... 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