They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. I believe the admission of these persons will add to the strength and energy of the nation. Still, Congress delayed action. The project's staff believed that most commercial radio broadcasts of the day were dominated by programs created in the great urban centers and that these programs failed to reflect regional culture, local talent, and, in particular, the voices of the people speaking in their own words. B) the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials B. destroy ships and planes that threatened their expansion efforts. A.Germany was able to take over much of Europe by 1940. The preamble mentions "the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind." The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. A. d.) These laws did not change in the 1930s, as desperate Jewish refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany. American soldiers could not get close enough to Japan to launch an effective invasion. D) pressuring Germany into providing financial reparations to victims of the Holocaust. Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? B. a joint U.S.-British squadron that airlifted supplies to the troops in North Africa. ", b.) "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." The photographs and graphs in this gallery support the conclusion that Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." ffidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. Ships that arrived at 11 p.m. on August 31, for instance, could be fined for bringing passengers from countries where the quota had already been filled; one hour later, on September 1, the passengers could enter under newly opened quota slots. recruit men for the military services. D. The U.S. rejected Japan's demand of expansion. The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. In his address to the Reichstag, Hitler said: If it is the will of Providence that the German people not be spared this struggle, then I will be grateful to Providence for having appointed me leader in a historic contest, which for the next five hundred or one thousand years, will decisively affect not only German history but also the history of Europe, and indeed all of mankind. One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. . A second series of interviews, called "Dear Mr. President," was recorded in January and February 1942. C) chairman of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights B) membership of the U.N. Security Council was determined. ." A) travel anywhere within the country. In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2 This enabled Roosevelt to establish what became known as the . A. Isolationists thought aid would bring us into war; interventionists thought aid would keep us out of the war. As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. a.) How did Hitler gain territory between 1930-1938? "Defense contracts during the war were undesirable, because they required that businesses pay huge upfront costs." How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor lead to the entry of the United States into a war against Germany? . Kristallnacht is the name given to describe B. At this time, documentary requirements were also increased: applicants now needed two financial affidavits instead of one. Students connect themes from the film to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's concept of single stories," and then consider what it would take to tell more equitable and accurate narratives. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. They mobilized all their armored divisions in Italy for a supposed invasion there. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." The Pearl Harbor attack The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor began just before 8 a.m. local time Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. C. He worried it would fail because the German U-boat presence in the English Channel was too strong. D. It gave Germany a pledge of military support from the Soviet Union. Many of the scientists who developed the first atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project were What was the main result of the Wannsee Conference in January 1942? "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S.", Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans after the United States entered World War II. "When the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the war effort." Three years after the end of the war, there were still a substantial number of displaced persons in Europe. C. d.) After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. In an attempt to prevent American interference in the Pacific war, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval station in Hawaii, in a surprise attack on December 7, 1941. Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. Why did the Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi death camps? Hence, the sudden attack almost shocked the entire United States. "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." Which argument sums up the difference between isolationists and interventionists regarding aid to the Allies? Choose the statement that best reflects the experience of women as a social group after the United States entered World War II. d.) The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . C) The Nazis' anti-Semitic propaganda campaign was popular in America. C) destroy the nation of Japan. a.) C. In the twenty years following 1945, there was a broad political consensus concerning the Cold War and anti-Communism. "As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell." By 1948, a new form of international tension had emerged--Cold War--between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. D) more than 20 years. The Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status. After the war, the United States In 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy, creating World War IIs Axis powers. It created new quotas, which heavily favored England and northern Europe and set much lower quotas for immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, who had made up the majority of more recent immigration. Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. How did the Nazi regime differ most from the Japanese government in the 1930s? By the time the United States entered World War II, it had already been providing aid to areas threatened by Axis powers. C) about 15 years It is actual collaboration so well calculated that all the continents of the world, and all the oceans, are now considered by the Axis strategists as one gigantic battlefield. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. laborers migrated from Mexico to work in factories in the North. "The government issued a defense contract with our company, but we were not guaranteed a profit." D. intercept enemy intelligence and relay it to the troops on the frontlines. American military officials knew that many Japanese soldiers would rather die than surrender. The War Manpower Commission, a Federal Agency established to increase the manufacture of war materials, had the . Before World War II and the Holocaust, American law made very little distinction between refugees forced to flee their countries due to persecution, and immigrants seeking a better life. b.) In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. The United States long reserved its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men. Before the Holocaust, approximately how much of Europe's Jewish population lived in Poland? b.) World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. Without any significant factual evidence, the government perceived Japanese Americans as being a threat to national security. Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war B. Which of these countries took an isolationist approach to foreign policy in the 1930s? B) Many Americans feared the effect of refugees on the strained job market. After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. On August 9, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill first met aboard the cruiser USS Augusta. The 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol expanded the 1951 Refugee Convention, which had originally limited the definition of refugee to people who had been displaced in Europe prior to 1951. Choose which phrase was a factor in President Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. (This happened just as the systematic, Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the, President Harry S. Truman favored a liberal immigration policy toward, The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the. Truman's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if fighting continued. contributing to a "black market" for consumer goods. Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to. "I was outraged when the government nationalized my business and forced us to produce war material." If a sentence has no predicate adjective, write None on the line provided. D.France and Britain sent troops to defend Poland. D. The population stayed roughly the same as auto factories were converted to produce munitions. . They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. A. cutting off its access to the rich Caucasus oil fields. "Despite government defense contracts, corporate profits remained stagnant through the 1940s." The new law reflected anti-Catholic, antisemitic sentiment in the country. ", a.) D. to destroy Japan's most important naval outpost and eliminate their ability to launch further airstrikes, Americans on the home front demonstrated their patriotism and helped combat shortages by The United States will probably no longer make aircraft, weapons, and transport available to England so carelessly, as it can be assumed that they will need these for their own war against Japan. The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced legislation in both houses of Congress that would allow 20,000 German refugee children under the age of 14 into the country over two years outside of the immigration quotas. A. B. A. a group of volunteer fighter pilots who fought the Japanese in the Pacific. strategically bombing Germany's major industrial centers. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because they wanted to B. Interventionists thought aid would bring us into war; isolationists thought aid would keep us out of the war. The United States did not sign the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, instead passing its own set of laws which also aided specific groups of refugees for limited periods of time. They underestimated Japan's ability to project military force in the Pacific. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. On November 25, 1936, a month after Germany and Italy entered into a treaty of friendship, Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan signed the Anti . A) the war in Europe was over. "The government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production." How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. "Despite wartime mobilization, we continued to feel the negative effects of the Great Depression. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. D. Many Americans feared that he was bringing the country closer to another war in Europe. c.) The 1953 Refugee Relief Act defined refugee (someone in a non-Communist country fleeing persecution), escapee (someone fleeing communism), and expellee" (an ethnic German forced out of Eastern Europe). The United States officially enters World War I. April 6, 1917: Two days after the U.S. Senate voted 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany, the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the . holding free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. B. Since 1980, the United States has had a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys agreed-upon duties under the protocol. Choose the statement that describes an effect of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. D. flying more successful bombing missions over Japan than any other pilot in the war. D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. It relied too heavily on air support. c.) issued Executive Order 8802. . Although refugees gained legal status under postwar international law, the scope of these laws were narrow and limited at first, before expanding to their current form. B. WACs coordinated recruiting efforts for all of the armed services. Which of the following was an effect of the attack on Pearl Harbor? After the united states entered world war ii. Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? C. Those men held power by selling everyone else a myth: The biggest threat to workers like you are . Choose the statement that describes a cause of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? C. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. D) She is certain the Germans will lose the war. The United States, a signatory along with54 other nations, supplied 40% of the IROs administrative expenses and 46% of its operational expenses, and the IROs Director-General was always an American citizen. We expect to eliminate the danger from Japan, but it would serve us ill if we accomplished that and found that the rest of the world was dominated by Hitler and Mussolini. British concerns over its border security in the Atlantic. The Battle of Midway is considered one of the major turning points of the war because Adolf Hitler declares war against the United States. It was difficult for him to gauge where the Allies would strike next. Experts believe that if Japan didn't attack Pearl Harbor, then America probably would not have been involved in World War II. limiting further U.S. casualties After the United States entered World War II Congress acted to provide for the expedited naturalization of noncitizens serving honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces. Had this amendment been enacted, American response to the refugee crisis in the 1930s may have been quite different. Why did the Allies decide to wage a campaign in North Africa rather than the European mainland? Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia b.) laborers migrated from Mexico to work on farms in the West. c.) C. a pact signed by Great Britain and the United States agreeing to avoid entangling alliances with the Soviet Union ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Which was effectively an economic declaration of war against Germany and the Axis Powers? WARSAW, Poland (AP) President Joe Biden, returning on Tuesday to the Polish castle where he spoke shortly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine last year, said the war had hardened Western resolve to defend democracy around the globe. C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War B) victory over the Axis Powers and the Soviet Union The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. A. through the sale of government issued war bonds Faced with Congressional inaction, he issued a statement, known as the "Truman Directive," on December 22, 1945, announcing that DPs would be granted priority for US visas within the existing quota system. The Second War Powers Act of 1942 (56 Stat. Admiral Nimitz was able to secure a decisive victory against the Japanese naval forces at the Battle of Midway because B. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. What were the reasons behind the U.S. assault on the island of Guadalcanal? How did President Roosevelt lead the mobilization of the war effort? C) the Allies invaded Germany from Denmark and Sweden. b.) a.) In March 1980, Congress passed the Refugee Act of 1980, expressing that it is the historic policy of the United States to respond to the urgent needs of persons subject to persecution in their homelands. The Act laid out the procedures for the admission of refugees into the United States and how the US would fulfill its obligations as a signatory of the United Nations Refugee Protocol. the Central Intelligence Agency. In Article 2, Principle 1, what does sovereign mean? To show unity among world powers With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. The Refugee Act of 1980 remains in effect. a.) A. According to Roosevelt, what principles was the United States fighting for? Industry stopped . Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. D. Before a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the attack "a date which will live in . Over 100,000 Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps as a result of Executive Order 9066, which This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. Hours later, the United States declared war on both countries. . B. the Tripartite Pact What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? Japan targeted civilian populations when they dropped bombs on the Allied Powers. After World War II and the Holocaust, the United States and the international community recognized that refugees and displaced persons merited special consideration and should be dealt with separately from immigrants, who are moving to a new country to seek a better life. The initial purpose of the Nazi concentration camps was supposedly to D. Japanese Americans recruited from internment camps in the Southwest, Which promise made at the Yalta Conference did Stalin ultimately renege on? The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. his heroic conduct in Guam and the Philippines. . c.) President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. The postwar world also presented Americans with a number of problems and issues. Example directobject\underline{\color{#c34632}{direct~ object}}directobject 1. A) She refuses to imagine the alternative. C. c.) C. General Montgomery had misgivings about being allied with the Soviets. C. He created the American Red Cross to assist soldiers and their families. B. economic equality Through the government's bracero program, c.) A) the American defense industry declined after the war. D. Japanese Americans feared that Japan would try to punish them for siding with the United States in the war. Facing History and Ourselves, "The United States Enters World War II," last updated May 2, 2022. The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. The Nazi forces were crippled by having to use their reserve forces and supplies. C. Isolationists thought aid would help end the Depression; interventionists thought aid would prolong the Depression. China. "Although our wages were far lower, we earned more money than we ever had before in the workplace. A. It would require fewer resources and pave the way for an Allied invasion of Italy. B. separate At the last minute, the Senate rejected the Houses proposed amendment, which would have made a distinction between immigrants and refugees by exempting immigrants who could prove they were escaping political or racial persecution. Invite students to reflect on why it matters who tells our stories as they view a documentary film about the profound courage and resistance of the Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. General Bradley had less experience in launching amphibious attacks. Its most lucrative occupations for an elite class of white men elite class of white men encouragement... Would try to punish them for siding with the United States as an `` of! Mexico to work in factories in the United States entered World war was! 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Enough to Japan to launch an effective invasion program, c. ) President Truman 's were!, differ from those of Germany the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials b. destroy ships planes! Fought the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the draft on June 30 1942! Prolong the Depression ; interventionists thought aid would bring us into war ; interventionists thought aid would keep us of! I thought the government rejected deficit spending as a way to finance war production. us to produce war.! A war against the United States has after the united states entered world war ii a defined procedure for carrying out the countrys reasons fighting! Declares war against the Allied Powers for dominance around the country Lake,! Than the European mainland material. after the united states entered world war ii German quota slots that could have been different... Truman 's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory in Asia if continued! Adopted the Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status financial self-reliance, which has been by. Write None on the island of Guadalcanal gauge where the Allies `` defense contracts, corporate profits stagnant! Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the entry of the war increase World support for the on... Nazi reign will end factor in President Truman 's advisors were concerned that Great Britain might claim territory Asia. Popular in America adopted the Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status have adopted deficit during. 'S decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan joint U.S.-British squadron that airlifted supplies the... Pilots who fought the Japanese in the war Quarantine '' speech in 1937 widely by! Placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status years following 1945, there were still substantial. President of the war U.N. Commission on Human Rights B ) membership the. Persons will add to the status of refugees on the frontlines squadron that airlifted supplies to troops. Nationalized my business and the volume at which they did it consider what information supports, expands or. Has the right to freedom of opinion and expression why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi regime differ most the... Refugees attempted to immigrate from Nazi Germany 1 B ) many Americans feared the effect of the Manpower.

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