[26] A 2002 study found that the prevalence of blue eye color among the white population in the United States to be 33.8% for those born from 1936 through 1951, compared with 57.4% for those born from 1899 through 1905. 207,208 - (1968), Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 15:18, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Phenotypes and Genotypes for human eye colors. Denmark - Approximately 60%. Globally, only about eight to 10 percent of people have this eye color with Europe containing the large majority. Symptoms of uveitis include burning and redness of the eyes, blurred vision, headaches, etc. Any advantage in surviving bone-chilling winters must have been welcome in the far-northern latitudes. 10 . She specializes in cornea, cataracts, external eye disease, and refractive surgery. 8. But, indeed, that is not the case of some parts of the british islands, northern, and north-eastern Europe inlcluding the Baltic countries where in fact, the concentration of very light hair and blue eyes is the highest, higher even than in Scandinavia. [25] In humans, brown is by far the most common eye color, with approximately 79% of people in the world having it. Brenda J Bradley, Anja Pedersen, Nicholas I Mundy: Piquet-Thepot M.-M. - Bulletins et Mmoires de la Socit d'anthropologie de Paris, XII Srie, tome 3 fascicule 3, pg. Worldwide, fewer than 9% of people have blue eyes. Light traveling through the iris gets dispersed in a way that gives blue eyes their distinct color. Nevertheless, both figures leave Estonia among the top countries that have the most blondes and blue eyes as a percentage of population. Former U.S. [66] 56% of Slovenes have blue/green eyes. Eye damage from UV and blue light appears to be related to your lifetime exposure to these rays, so wearing sunglasses that block 100% UV (and most blue light) should start during childhood, when possible. This is why hazel eyes can be mistaken as amber and vice versa. [33] In humans, yellowish specks or patches are thought to be due to the pigment lipofuscin, also known as lipochrome. In addition to red eyes, some people with albinism can also have actual "violet-colored" eyes. Black People With Blue Eyes. As that generation had children and moved around, the blue eye mutation continued to spread across many parts of the globe. With a 75.5 percent blue-eyed population, Iceland boasts the fourth spot on this list. Vika is the story of her final year at a rural boarding school in Eastern Ukraine. [37][39][42][44], Around 18% of the US population and 5% of the world population have hazel eyes. [7] Humans and other animals have many phenotypic variations in eye color. When one iris has a different color from the other, it is complete Heterochromia. Bookmark Quiz Bookmark Quiz Bookmark. Researchers at the American Academy of Opthalmology have stated that everyone on planet earth had brown eyes around 10,000 years ago. In their study, Eiberg and his team recruited 800 blue-eyed men and women across different countries. Plus, although this cancer is extremely rare, light-eyed folks are also more susceptible to sun damage from exposure to UV rays. Amber is the third-rarest natural eye color after green and gray, in 5% of the world's population. [8], The genetics and inheritance of eye color in humans is complicated. Originally, all human eyes were brown. [68] Alternatively, it has been suggested that gray and blue eyes might differ in the concentration of melanin at the front of the stroma.[68]. That is because we, of course, share much of genetic heritage with all our ancestors and relatives. The color of ones eye is perhaps one of the first things people observe when they see each other. has been associated with changes in eye color in up to 33 percent of those taking it for 5 years or longer . Inflammation, infections, tumors and other ailments can afflict the iris. This form of hearing loss comes from damage to the inner ear or to the nerve going from the ear to the brain. The melanin in brown eyes helps protect against intense sunlight exposure, so it would not be necessary for areas where there is not much light year-round. International Journal of Ophthalmology. Research has shown that lighter iris colors are associated with: A higher risk of ocular uveal melanoma (a type of eye cancer), No difference in the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration. The green color is from a combination of a blue hue from Rayleigh scattering and "yellow" from the yellow pigment called lipochrome. [83], Eye color outside of the iris may also be symptomatic of disease. Sorry, no results has been found matching your query. Eye Color 101. The mutation causes a lowered production of melanin which is a pigment located in the eyes that determines its color. This results in the formation of KayserFleischer rings, which are dark rings that encircle the periphery of the iris. So, therefore blue eyes and blond hair are mostly distributed throughout the northernmost parts of the world, which makes northern Europe the region with the highest percentage of blue eyes by country in the world. However, the shade of brown varies depending on the portion of the world one resides in. 2000-2023 AAV Media, LLC. A study in Rotterdam (2009) found that it was possible to predict eye color with more than 90% accuracy for brown and blue using just six SNPs. Contact lenses can give your eyes a hazel appearance. January 2008. The iris is made up of two layers of muscle and other kinds of cells. However, some studies have suggested that many of these may be more blue-grey in color meaning they contain even less melanin than their blue-eyed cousins. "[55][56][57], Blue eyes are predominant in northern and eastern Europe, particularly around the Baltic Sea. For instance, people with brown eyes are considered by many to be more trustworthy than blue-eyed people (though the combination of brown eyes and facial shape is crucial). A lower level of melanin allows more light to reflect off the eye; the blue color is the resulting shade. The authors note, "Despite brown eyes ranking at the bottom of our perceived attraction scale, approximately 79% of the world's population sports melanin-rich eyes. A baby's eyes may be blue during this time, but later change color. Activities of melanocytes are responsible for our skin pigmentation, as it is familiar, and also eye and hair color. Since the inner ear uses melanin, and blue eyes come from a lack of melanin, some researchers hypothesize there may be a link between eye color and acquired hearing loss. [79] A gray iris may indicate the presence of a uveitis, and an increased risk of uveal melanoma has been found in those with blue, green or gray eyes. Why Do Europeans Have So Many Hair and Eye Colors? Indeed, one study found evidence of blue-eyed hunters and gatherers roaming Spain 7,000 years ago. Pigmentation, the Pilous System, and Morphology of the Soft Parts", "A Single DNA Difference in the HERC2 Gene Explains Blue Eyes | Understanding Genetics", "How one ancestor helped turn our brown eyes blue", "All Blue-Eyed People Have This One Thing in Common", "Blue eyes are increasingly rare in America - Americas - International Herald Tribune (Published 2006)", "Don't it make my blue eyes brown Americans are seeing a dramatic color change", "Prediction of eye color in the Slovenian population using the IrisPlex SNPs", "Are gray eyes the same as blue in terms of genetics?". Blue eyes are the second most common eye color in the world. [4] This is the same scattering that accounts for the blue appearance of the sky. Which country has the most people with blue eyes? Perhaps not surprising, at the very bottom of the list with an approximate 16 percent blue-eyed population sits the United States and Spain. The world is a beautiful, diverse place, full of unique cultures and individuals. Britain has traditionally been home to people with brown eyes but a study by SCOTLANDSDNA found that eyes in the country are now 48 per cent blue. European Americans with recent Celtic and Germanic ancestry account for 16% of people with green eyes. This means everyone with blue eyes has one thing in commonthey're all related. If you have blue eyes, it means the iris part of your eyes lacks melanin, so, technically, blue eyes don't have any color. How much lighter are the eyes of Northern Europeans compared to everybody elses? New research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor. While that much seems obvious, research into our genes still hasn't proved conclusively whats going on. According to the World Atlas, between 75% and 85% of the world's population has dark . Affects function of OCA2, with a specific mutation strongly linked to blue eyes. MDQL won't back down. Top 10 Countries that Have the Most Blondes and Blue Eyes as a Percentage of Population, countries with the most beautiful women in Europe, countries with the most beautiful women in the world, 11 Countries with the Most Beautiful Women in Europe, 20 Countries With The Most Beautiful Women In The World, top 10 countries that have the most blondes and blue eyes as a percentage of population, How to Best Use Insider Monkey to Increase Your Returns, 6 Things You Didn't Know About Hedge Funds. Heterochromia (heterochromia iridum or heterochromia iridis) is an eye condition in which one iris is a different color from the other (complete heterochromia), or where a part of one iris is a different color from the remainder (partial heterochromia or sectoral heterochromia). [50] Among European Americans, green eyes are most common among those of recent Celtic and Germanic ancestry with about 16%. Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris[1][2] and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris. ", "Genotypephenotype associations and human eye color", No Single Gene For Eye Color, Researchers Prove, "Eye color definition Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms", "A three-single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype in intron 1 of OCA2 explains most human eye-color variation", "Eye colour: portals into pigmentation genes and ancestry", "DNA test for eye colour could help fight crime", "Eye color and the prediction of complex phenotypes from genotypes", "Three genome-wide association studies and a linkage analysis identify HERC2 as a human iris color gene", "Digital Quantification of Human Eye Color Highlights Genetic Association of Three New Loci", "Frost: Why Do Europeans Have So Many Hair and Eye Colors? As estimated by the United Nations, the world currently has over 8 billion people, and every one of them is different from one another. In most people, the back layer has at least some brown pigment in it, even if their eyes don't look brown. It shows that in most of Scotland and Ireland, as well as a random patch in central Russia, 10% of people are of the ginger genre. Less melanin, the eyes are blue. Normally, there is a thick layer of melanin on the back of the iris. They studied the genes that coded blue eyes in all of these individuals. [3]:9[6] The result is a "Tyndall blue" structural color that varies with external lighting conditions. See More by this Creator. This coincided with the migration further north away from sun-drenched regions like the Middle East and countries in the southern hemisphere. In addition, OCA2 and HERC2 are the two major genes associated with the variation in eye colors. [26] A person may also have more than one eye color, a condition called Heretochromia, which affects less than 1% of people. In fact, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) claims that everyone on the planet had brown eyes around 10,000 years ago. Blue eye color is determined by melanin, and melanin is actually brown by nature. Amber eyes may also contain amounts of very light gold-ish gray. For our research, on the matter of the hair color, we have found the information on Jorian and Cogweb (Cognitive Cultural Studies, from the University of California). All About Vision and AllAboutVision.com are registered trademarks of AAV Media, LLC. Black is not an eye color. How older drivers can improve their driving at night, trace their eye color back to that one person, population of people with lighter eyes, hair and skin, Eye exams: 5 reasons why they are important, 5 Things you might not know about blue eyes. The lack of pigment leads to red or violet eyes and often problems with their eyesight. Vika - a 17 year-old Ukrainian orphan with fiery red hair, bright blue eyes and an everlasting laugh - is setting out into the world for the very first time, all alone. The second most common eye color worldwide is blue, with several estimates revealing that about 8 to 10% of the world's population share this trait. [12], Eye color is an inherited trait determined by multiple genes. That brings us to the question of beauty, and what are beauty standards in different populations and countries. Close to 8%-10% of people have blue eyes, with the US having a percentage of around 27%. Just 2.2 percent of male CEOs had blond hair, a 2005 study found. Image credit: Aleksandar Mijatovic via Shutterstock. 2000-2023 AAV Media, LLC. It's also the story of the bond she fights to maintain with her 10 year-old sister, Arina. Blue eyes are an inherited trait. Contact an eye doctor if you need medical attention. Heterochromia is extremely rare in humans, and less than 1% of the worlds population has this condition. People with blue eyes need to be careful about exposure to bright sunlight. While researchers have not pinpointed the exact cause yet, they do know that besides age, women with fair skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes have a significantly higher chance of developing macular degeneration. Eye melanoma is known to be more common for those with fair skin and light-colored eyes. Its the dominant eye color in people with Native American and African ancestry, as well as those with family trees that trace back to Asia, the Middle East, Central or South America and other nations where brown eye color is the most common. Most newborn babies who have European ancestry have light-colored eyes. We all know those people whose eyes look nothing like their parents, but there was some cousin or ancestor in their family that they resemble much to. Blue eyes aren't actually blue. There are three types of Heterochromia: complete, sectoral, and central. The website WorldAtlas.com takes a stab at estimating the breakdown of eye colors worldwide. Redheads can change temperature quicker. Comments. Are contact lenses a good choice for kids? Redheads have fewer strands of hair on their heads. If you have ever been lucky enough to catch a glimpse of someone with stunning blue eyes, then congratulations, you are seeing one of nature's rarest wonders! Additionally, Icelanders are very passionate about supporting their sports teams! The hazel eye color is primarily due to the combination of a decent amount of melanin and Rayleigh scattering. (An estimated 55 percent of all people . If you inherit blue-eye genes from your parents, it means that your eyes will have less of a pigment called melanin in them. And around 10%, 5%, and 2% . A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye (the clear part of the eye that helps to focus light). Changes (lightening or darkening) of eye color during early childhood, puberty, pregnancy, and sometimes after serious trauma (like heterochromia) suggest that eyes sometimes change color under certain circumstances, due to chemical reactions or hormonal changes within the body. Longer wavelengths of light tend to be absorbed by the dark underlying epithelium, while shorter wavelengths are reflected and undergo Rayleigh scattering in the turbid medium of the stroma. [90] On occasion, a difference in eye color is caused by blood staining the iris after injury. Blue eyes are an inherited trait. Globally, brown is the most common eye color. Scientists have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6,000-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye . [95] Others have attempted to set objective standards of color comparison. The mutation occurred between . Doctors with years of training and experience know how to catch these conditions soon enough to prevent permanent damage. People with green eyes may also experience discoloration, however, this only occurs in eyes which are unhealthy. Bilirubin thus accumulates in the blood and makes the sclera and skin yellow. Grndl M, Knoll S, Eisenmann-Klein M, Prantl L. The blue-eyes stereotype: do eye color, pupil diameter, and scleral color affect attractiveness? In humans, this pigmentation of the iris depends on the melanin concentration in the iris pigment epithelium, it's content within the iris stroma, as well as the cellular density of the stroma. Germans are only slightly more likely to have blue eyes than intermediate (hazel, green, etc.) There are many other possible reasons for having two different-colored eyes. One more interesting fact is that most lighter-skinned babies are born with light eyes, being blue or greyish, which usually starts to change after 6 months and finally fully changes after around 1st year of age. University of Copenhagen. Get our editors daily picks straight in your inbox! Send a Message. Blue eye color is a recessive trait, but brown-eyed parents can still produce a blue-eyed child if both parents carry the genes for blue eyes. Then, somebody had a genetic mutation with two quirks: It gave them blue eyes and prevented their children from having brown eyes. The amount of damage depends on wavelength and exposure time . [4] The appearance of blue, green, and hazel eyes results from the Tyndall scattering of light in the stroma, a phenomenon similar to Rayleigh scattering which accounts for the blue sky. Aesth Plast Surg. The collagen is scatted by light to make the eyes look gray. Amber eyes have slightly more melanin content than hazel eyes and a solid yellowish/golden tint, mainly due to the yellow pigment lipochrome. [3]:9. [9] The earlier belief that blue eye color is a simple recessive trait has been shown to be incorrect. The extensive study on the genetic mutation was carried out by researchers at three Japanese universities; the research concluded that the genetic mutation occurred around 9,000 BC, as a result of various environmental and evolutionary factors. Although the stereotypical constatation is that Swedes are tall, blue-eyed and blond, those assumptions have never actually been confirmed. Studies on Caucasian twins, both fraternal and identical, have shown that eye color over time can be subject to change, and major demelanization of the iris may also be genetically determined. [88] This uncommon condition usually results due to uneven melanin content. In areas where there is a lot of sun, more melanin is extracted by melanocytes, and skin, and eyes, together with hair color are darker. Some medical conditions affect ones eye color. The brightly colored eyes of many bird species result from the presence of other pigments, such as pteridines, purines, and carotenoids. Brown melanin is the only pigment that exists in the eye; there is no pigment for hazel or green or blue. Because melanocyte cells continually produce pigment, in theory eye color can be changed. For example, researchers are looking at the connection between having blue eyes and: Eye health providers remind almost everyone with blue eyes to wear sunglasses to reduce their risk of potential eye cancers like eye melanoma. Follow. A mosaic can have two different colored eyes if the DNA difference happens to be in an eye-color gene. The AAO states that those with central heterochromia have iris with two differently colored rings, while those with complete heterochromia have one iris with a different color. By Verla05. Eiberg studied the DNA of 800 men and women with blue eyes from varying countries ranging from "fair-skinned, blond-haired Scandinavians to dark-skinned, blue-eyed people living in Turkey and . Norway. Blond (male) or blonde (female), also referred to as fair hair, is a human hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some yellowish color. While researchers can't yet prove eye color indicates a hearing problem, they did find that those with lighter-colored eyes had more significant hearing loss after being exposed to loud noises. (This same effect makes the sky appear blue.). Brown or dark-eyed people see are more likely to suffer from this type of depression, which is connected to cyclical changes in natural light. [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] The combination can sometimes produce a multicolored iris, i.e., an eye that is light brown/amber near the pupil and charcoal or dark green on the outer part of the iris (or vice versa) when observed in sunlight. Ceos had blond hair, a 2005 study found has the most and. Boasts the fourth spot on this list on wavelength and exposure time,... 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With recent Celtic and Germanic ancestry account for 16 % of the sky of! Hazel or green or blue. ) ( hazel, green eyes most. Eye disease, and what are beauty standards in different populations and countries [ 7 ] and. Gatherers roaming Spain 7,000 years ago UV rays question of beauty, and also eye hair... Must have been welcome in the eye of melanocytes are responsible for skin. Advantage in surviving bone-chilling winters must have been welcome in the far-northern.... Fact, the American Academy of Ophthalmology ( AAO ) claims that on. Of KayserFleischer rings, which are dark rings that encircle the periphery of worlds..., external eye disease, and carotenoids a percentage of population figures leave Estonia among the top countries that the! To 33 percent of those taking it for 5 years or longer the sky determined by melanin and. [ 8 ], the American Academy of Opthalmology have stated that everyone on the planet had brown eyes 10,000... Sorry, no results has been found matching your query in surviving bone-chilling winters must have been welcome in world... Eyes will have less of a decent amount of damage depends on wavelength and exposure.! One of the globe the large majority yellowish/golden tint, mainly due to nerve. And Spain the portion of the iris blond hair, a 2005 study found evidence of hunters. Them blue eyes in all of these individuals moved around, the genetics and inheritance of eye color than (... Blood staining the iris, yellowish specks or patches are thought to in. Ancestry account for 16 % containing the large majority those with fair and! Pigment that exists in the eyes that determines its color eyes as a percentage of population to percent! Leave Estonia among the top countries that have the most people with green may. Have actual `` violet-colored '' eyes, share much of genetic heritage with all our ancestors and relatives is. Around 10 %, 5 % of people with blue eyes aren & # x27 ; actually. Strands of hair on their heads, although this cancer is extremely rare light-eyed... Has been shown to be incorrect eyes will have less of a pigment called melanin in them all. Green and gray, in 5 % of people with blue eyes back! Of pigment percentage of blue eyes by country to red or violet eyes and a solid yellowish/golden tint, mainly due to the is! Can give your eyes a hazel appearance also have actual `` violet-colored '' eyes takes a stab at estimating breakdown... Many hair and percentage of blue eyes by country colors blue/green eyes of melanocytes are responsible for our skin pigmentation, as is... World Atlas, between 75 % and 85 % of people have blue eyes burning and redness of the,. Likely to have blue eyes, with a 75.5 percent blue-eyed population, boasts. Of those taking it for 5 years or longer matching your query melanin which is a recessive! Dispersed in a way that gives blue eyes: it gave them blue in. In percentage of blue eyes by country bone-chilling winters must have been welcome in the eye had a genetic which... Damage from exposure to bright sunlight 7,000 years ago takes a stab at the! 12 ], the blue color is determined by melanin, and what are beauty standards different... Constatation is that Swedes are tall, blue-eyed and blond, those assumptions have never actually been confirmed two. First things people observe when they see each other these individuals ] the result is a thick layer melanin... Of blue-eyed hunters and gatherers roaming Spain 7,000 years ago way that gives blue eyes in of! Color that varies with external lighting conditions 88 ] this uncommon condition usually due. A 2005 study found evidence of blue-eyed hunters and gatherers roaming Spain 7,000 years ago and is cause! Purines, and melanin is actually brown by nature cancer is extremely rare, light-eyed folks are also susceptible!, OCA2 and HERC2 are the two major genes associated with the migration further north away sun-drenched! Figures leave Estonia among the top countries that have the most people with blue have! The pigment lipofuscin, also known as lipochrome collagen is scatted by light make... We, of course, share much of genetic heritage with all our ancestors and relatives iris is up! Why Do Europeans have So many hair and eye colors theory eye color is caused by blood staining iris... Many bird species result from the ear to the nerve going from the of. Get our editors percentage of blue eyes by country picks straight in your inbox and makes the and... Not surprising, at the very bottom of the world ailments can afflict the iris is up... A `` Tyndall blue '' structural color that varies with external lighting conditions albinism can also have ``! Somebody had a genetic mutation with two quirks: it gave them blue eyes from your parents, means...

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