Between 7 and 10% of all species on Earth are located in Australia, with 85% of Australia's plant species endemic to the continent. Could these penguin-themed 'icons' become Australia's first heritage-listed rubbish bins? Surely thats not a greater glider? exclaims one of our small party. A staggering amount when compared to England, where the land mass is proportionate to the South West but there are only 1500 native vascular plants species and a mere 3% are endemi 2 . The greatest threat to biodiversity is the size and rate of growth of human population. Mitsch and Gosselink describe wetland environments as falling between the cracks of two disciplines (Mitsch & Gosselink 2007). Many bird species have been lost in Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia and the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia. Species of animals and plants under threat may be listed in one of the following categories: Mammals are a diverse group of animals that are found below and on the ground, in trees and oceans. The beginning of biodiversity conservation in WA is rooted in the setting aside of land by the State for the protection of flora and fauna in the late 1800s and early 1900s when the first reserve declared was in September 1899 for the purpose of the Protection of Boronia near Albany; and the first national park, Greenmount National Park (which has now become John Forest National Park) was established in 1900 on the outskirts of Perth. The resolution requires a robust, rigorous and defensible scientific information base. ONE ALPINE SPECIES the GER may not be able to help is the mountain pygmy possum. By examining extinction rates in the fossil record and Australias relationship to the size of different islands, Mike has calculated that to give all Australian species a good chance of surviving whatever the future throws at them will require a minimum of about 1.5 million sq. "Many, many species will be lost." Pollution: Garbage dumped into the water supply, chemical runoff from industrial applications, and air pollution from cars and factories all have a negative effect. We found alarming declines in many of the migratory birds that visit Australia each year, and we've been trying to partition out where are those threats to those species, and we are finding some in Australia and some elsewhere along their migration routes. This has led to habitat change through land clearing and urbanisation, hunting . Using his palaeontology background, Mike has devised a bold and potentially controversial plan to save the species. Red Sea and northern Australia. A ustralia's biodiversity is in trouble. An estimated 10 % of Perths original wetlands remain. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia. Land-use change for urbanisation, agricultural, minerals and industrial development. The loss of biodiversity among these critical natural resources threatens global food security and the . Image copyrightHolly Story. This is a major commitment, because it is written into the deeds and protects the property in perpetuity from development, but was something both Wayne and Marcia felt was important. Wetlands are neither water nor earth but exist in the meeting of these two, changing seasonally to become more or less of each element, and blending the two elements to form mud. Retrieved from Gaia Resources: https://www.gaiaresources.com.au/state-dieback/, Service, D. o. Nick Moir. RESEARCH INTO THE birds and mammals that pollinate banksias and eucalypts in south-west Western Australia is challenging existing theories on the regions enormous biodiversity. SUBTERRANEAN FAUNA CONSERVATION. one of the most diverse and unique floras in the world, with over 210 vascular plant families, and 50-80% of species being unique to the state in the largest of these families. Barrage of Threats. DBCA Biodiversity and Conservation Science is delivered at multiple sites across Western Australia, including national and marine parks, Kings Park, Perth Zoo, Rottnest Island, and the WA Herbarium. Greater knowledge enables efficient decisions that take account of the needs and certainty of all stakeholders. Bringing farmers like Bruce and Mark on board for conservation is a key step in halting biodiversity decline and an important way to link fragmented habitats. . The kids are terrified of them. The total area of protected land and sea in the U.K. increased from 27 . About half of south-west WAs 8000 plant species are found nowhere else, as are many animals including the numbat, western swamp tortoise and honey possum which feeds on the nectar of flowering plants, such as banksias. And so, how many times have you come to arguments? Two-thirds of Australia has lost its unique birdlife.' Nearly two-thirds (62 per cent) of the Australian landmass is pastoral or agricultural land. Loss of species is a major threat to biodiversity in Australia. So I'm fascinated by what constitutes a healthy relationship between people and nature and how can we enhance that to drive the conservation agenda forwards. Australia has a high percentage of endemic species (meaning, they occur nowhere else in the world). Ecology research Behavioural ecology Functional ecology Evolutionary ecology Robyn Williams: And what else, apart from birds? Biodiversity and Conservation Science staff have expertise in animal biology, animal breeding, aquatic ecology, biological survey, collections . To slow erosion, Bruce and Mark have planted eucalypts and silver wattles along creek lines and have built dams that capture sediment and stop soil being washed away. And Australia should worry about its biodiversity. It offers the biggest elevation range in Australia from a few hundred metres above sea level to more than 2200 m. It covers an array of environments from slopes and plains to mountain peaks, has some of our richest communities of species and is home to two-thirds of NSWs threatened plants and animals. You can imagine a migratory species showing up and being unable to refuel on its journey, for example. The UN global assessment report painted a stark picture: the decline of the world's natural support systems means that human society is in danger.. Phone: (+618) 9468 0338 What goes on there? Robyn Williams: Biodiversity, a problem as shocking as climate change. Professor Fuller, you glory in the name of a laboratory, the Fuller Laboratory at the University of Queensland. But his plan is to try breeding the animals at ambient temperatures and then release them into a large outdoor enclosure at Secret Creek Sanctuary in Lithgow, NSW. Their hunting practices may have affected population levels of some animals, and the building of fish traps in coastal and inland rivers may also have had environmental effects. However, they found that the impacts of these pressures could be reduced by investment in environmental protection. The prerequisites will be to establish an effective captive-breeding program [at cold temperatures] for the Kosciuszko population. And the reason it does that is because we've messed up the habitats in the first place. In terms of bang for the buck, we get the most results for the least effort by conserving this corridor, Ian says. Our efforts to protect individual threatened species seem to be going backwards, he says. The Southwest Australia Ecoregion is a triangular corner of WA, most of which is to the west of a line drawn from Shark Bay to Esperance. Some animals, such as cats and foxes, directly destroy native species. Biodiversity loss can come in the form of habitat loss through land converted to agriculture, combined with land degradation through intensive farming practices - which is the principal contributor to the decline and extinction of species - and it can also come in the form of unsustainable food production, where our meat and dairy consumption I know that you worked to some extent with Hugh Possingham who I think was the Queensland Chief Scientist last year, this year as well, and he came into an argument in South Australia talking about the need to cull koalas because in a certain area they were interfering with, say, the tree growth and suchlike. After protracted negotiations with a pastoral family in far northern New South Wales, the state government has bought more than 430,000ha of iconic Australian outback to be managed as national park. We cause global warming by releasing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere, which will alter the nature of ecosystems everywhere. Private conservation group Bush Heritage Australia set a goal for itself of purchasing and protecting a further 1 per cent of Australia by 2025. On 2 December 2016, several parts of the new Act were proclaimed and came into effect on 3 December 2016. The Fuller Biodiversity Lab at the University of Queensland, Published: SatSat 25 Feb 2023 at 1:00am/with Robyn Williams, Published: 18 Feb 2023Sat 18 Feb 2023 at 1:00am/with Robyn Williams, Published: 11 Feb 2023Sat 11 Feb 2023 at 1:00am/with Robyn Williams, Published: 4 Feb 2023Sat 4 Feb 2023 at 1:00am. Robyn Williams: Are you saying then that in a poorer country, if you improve the economy and provide aid and do the kind of things which develop that country, you are also likely therefore to develop a consciousness of conservation? (2006). Managing farmland for conservation also benefits agricultural productivity. Biodiversity is valued by people for many reasons. Stunning examples of photographs taken with the Museum's scanning electron microscope (SEM). Did megafauna that used to roam Australia become extinct because of climate change or because of hunting? This, in turn, has triggered an ever-increasing suite of regulatory controls that are considered to result in delays for the approval of projects. Valuing certain species over others, valuing certain ecosystem processes over others is fraught with difficulty. CLIMATE CHANGE POSES a major threat to a biota already in decline. The landholders are Wayne Stokes and his partner Marcia Macartney, former public servants who moved here from Canberra almost two decades ago. The Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions ( DBCA) is the Western Australian government department responsible for managing lands and waters described in the Conservation and Land Management Act 1984, the Rottnest Island Authority Act 1987, the Swan and Canning Rivers Management Act 2006, the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority due to agricultural expansion), over-exploitation of natural resources (e.g. We need new strategies, Mike says. Developed by a partnership of the UK Business & Biodiversity Forum, IEMA, RSPB, WSP, the Aldersgate Group and . The Act applies to environmental matters of national significance and provides for: identification and listing of threatened species and ecological communities I'm really interested in conservation, and conservation ultimately depends on repairing the broken relationship between people and biodiversity. Robyn Williams: Yes, but isn't that the kind of blank cheque argument that the hard economic realities will no longer accept? They are not going to damage other species in those rainforests because theyve always been there. For example, we look in our cities and we find that there are species that are thriving and doing really well out of the, let's face it, environmental destruction associated with bulldozing natural environments and turning them into cities. Over 60 per cent of the continent is under assault by inappropriate land use, and in the process there is no valuing anything native; everything is being trampled and pushed back. Contrary to popular opinion, mining is a much smaller problem. The Australian Museum respects and acknowledges the Gadigalpeople as the FirstPeoples and Traditional Custodians of the land andwaterways on which theMuseumstands. I'm also interested in the health and well-being benefits of experiences of nature, and we are showing increasingly that experiences of nature fundamentally underpin human health and well-being. Minister backs down in fight to keep WA live sheep exports afloat. So we are certainly facing enormous challenges, but I am also optimistic, I do see strong responses to that, both at governmental level but really driven by a groundswell of change, and I think that connection between people and nature is really fundamental, and enhancing that connection enables us to articulate more clearly and argue more persuasively for change at the highest level. The total number of species of birds on earth is estimated to be around 10,000! Australia's biodiversity is in a bad way From time to time, you might hear that another animal is endangered or that more trees have been cut down to make way for new housing. This is Lovejoy on The Science Show some years ago: Tom Lovejoy: After a great deal of thinking about it, it seems to us that there is no intelligent way to choose between one species and another, and in fact it's not an intelligent choice to make. First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we Massive land purchase for new national park back oBourke, Australian Geographic Society Expeditions, Entries now open for the Australian Geographic Nature Photographer of the Year competition, Environmentalists, Conservationists and Scientists. Biodiversity faces a wide number of threats, including land-use change, habitat loss and fragmentation (e.g. ABN 18 602 180 512, Office: Lower Ground Floor, 3 Richardson Street, West Perth WA 6005 Mikes proposal is certainly a bold and innovative idea and DECCW is exploring it with him, says Linda Broome. Would you agree with him? He said that spending on conservation is worthwhile when it involves preserving habitat or targeting pests. While researching the scarlet pear gum, an endemic eucalypt, Stephen found it to be visited almost exclusively by honeyeaters, suggesting that some eucalypts are better suited to bird than insect pollinators. The fact that this part of Australia has been relatively stable over geological history is another reason for the incredible biodiversity here, and such a long-lived and stable ecosystem here is worthy of protection, he says. They've spent thousands of years honing these migration journeys to arrive at the right moment and in the right physiological condition. Scientists based their findings on the worsening in conservation status of species between 1996 and 2008 on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list. Perth also has 71 reptile species and is believed to have more reptiles than any other urban area in the world, including the western swamp tortoise, which is WAs most endangered reptile (World Wildlife Fund 2013). And we play around with the way the world works at our peril, and we may find ourselves being unable to reverse the situation or control the situation when repeated studies have shown us that we are close to planetary tipping points of human pressure on the environment, whether that's through climate change, through human consumption patterns, through us driving species extinct without any real sense of the role that those species play in our own life-support, let alone the support of the ecological systems on Earth. Weve got to look at very large landscape scalesso that we dont lose the species that are [still healthy].. In this section, explore all the different ways you can be a part of the Museum's groundbreaking research, as well as come face-to-face with our dedicated staff. We feel this real connection to the property. His work, starting in the 1980s, showed that birds tended to move between different trees to feed, rather than between flowers on the same tree. Bringing farmers like Bruce and Mark on board for conservation is a key step in halting biodiversity decline and an important way to link fragmented habitats. They may arrive at a site completely exhausted and in need of refuelling, and maybe that refuelling has been perfectly possible for the last 200 years, but it has been turned into a car park the year before. Thank you for reading. Hook Ups & Break ups; . If we didnt look after the erosion on this property, in 30 or 40 years time it would be disastrous all our soil would be in the neighbours place, Bruce says. This adds to the threat to biodiversity which has already been placed under stress by other human activities. Changes in the environment including altered fire regimes, changed hydrological processes and broader climate change. "We can no longer say . Similarly, Australia lost 5-10% of its biodiversity between 1996 and 2008 while high levels of deforestation to make way for agricultural plantations have particularly affected the species rich rainforests of Indonesia. Nearly two-thirds (62 per cent) of the Australian landmass is pastoral or agricultural land. For them, the goal is to leave their land in a much better state than when they inherited it. Robyn Williams: That's more local, isn't it, yes, that's interesting. Would you say that we have to preserve everything, or learn how to preserve enough? The sanctuary is a private wildlife haven. In addition, they may compete with native plants and animals for food and shelter. He has been working with an existing captive-breeding program that uses artificially cooled enclosures at Vict+orias Healesville Sanctuary. RESEARCH INTO THE birds and mammals that pollinate banksias and eucalypts in south-west Western Australia is challenging existing theories on the region's enormous biodiversity. E-cigarettes pose a triple threat to the environment, says Clean Up Australia waste report, Australian Geographic Society Expeditions, Entries now open for the Australian Geographic Nature Photographer of the Year competition, Environmentalists, Conservationists and Scientists. The main factor in the loss of biodiversity is the increased rate of population growth. Deforestation and forest fragmentation have an adverse effect on the biodiversity of animals and plants. Aborigines arent managing the bush [with fire] as they have done for thousands of years., Nigel Jones, who advises Bruce and Mark on the sustainable management of their land, agrees on the importance of farmland for biodiversity. National framework Australia's Strategy for Nature Biodiversity conservation Legislation International role Science and research That funding is now nearing an end, but a group of six private and public organisations Bush Heritage Australia, the NCT, the NSW Governments Environmental Trust, the NSW National Parks Association, Greening Australia and OzGreen has agreed to take the project forward. UN Common Approach to Biodiversity. 16 in the western plains of France and 24 in southern Victoria, Australia . It needs funding, but it could be the most exciting project of this kind in the world in terms of an innovative way to counter the unquestioned threat to the survival of a species through climate change, he says. National parks are the leftover bits, he says. Biodiversity is the variety of all living things on Earth, and how they fit together in the web of life, bringing oxygen, water, food and countless other benefits. Of the 109 countries studied, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, China and the United States (primarily Hawaii) also ranked inside the top seven as the worst offenders on conservation. "Native biodiversity is definitely improved by removing invasive plants and to a lesser extent invasive species.". [The] challenge is not to prognosticate about the height of the piles of dead species that will litter the wayside of the future if we stick with current strategies. White Spider Orchid Lower Swamp (Frog Swamp) North Lake Reserve 2014 Image copyright Holly Story Black Swans (Cygnus atratus), Perth (WA), John Oldham Park, September 2006. This equates to retaining natural . All content copyright Government of Western Australia, All rights reserved. If you look at what we currently have under protectionwe only need to get another 9 per cent of Australia into conservation-capable form. To pick up the shortfall, he argues, we must find ways of getting pastoralists to value the native wildlife on their properties. Southwest Western Australia 2.1 During its visit to Western Australia (WA) on 7-8 November 2011, the Committee held a public hearing in Perth, before visiting various sites in the southwest corner of the state. You develop ownership of these little gliders. Theres no doubt in my mind that we can do this if were not fettered by pessimisminnovative approaches are popping up all over Australia.. Postal: 23 Eaglehawk Drive, Ravenswood 6208 For biodiversity loss, a 2019 report by IPBES identified five primary drivers, ranked in order: land use change, direct exploitation of wild species, climate change, invasive alien species, and pollution. ' He explains that, metaphorically, his family is turning off a light switch on their whole farm, which he hopes will make a big difference and influence others. If you or your organisation have any questions regarding biodiversity protection or require any assistance in biodiversity restoration please contact Integrate Sustainability on 08 9468 0338 or enquiries@integratesustainability.com.au. No single discipline like ecology or conservation biology has all the answers. Provisions that replace those existing under the Wildlife Act and Sandalwood Act (including threatened species listings and controls over the taking and keeping of native species) and their associated Regulations cannot be brought into effect until the necessary Biodiversity Conservation Regulations have been made. In other words, if you are saying that variety is the best thing, then the hard-nosed developer and the people who want to build a factory where you are protecting wilderness will say, well, you can't have everything, times are too tough, and your argument is that you do want everything. "The impacts of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution are being keenly felt around the globe . Join us, volunteer and be a part of our journey of discovery! Australia's environment laws have come under scrutiny since the interim report into the Environment Protection Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act, released in July, found that the Act is failing to curb our loss of habitat and species. So I think very often we have to intervene and manage from a conservation perspective, not just try to keep things as they were in some historical time, in many ways it's already too late for that and we need to be much more open I think to continuous and innovative management of our environment. Extinctions of species have been occurring since the first life forms evolved. Tom Lovejoy: Well, I'm not arguing that you can't use biological resources, in fact that's what is so wonderful about them, they make more themselves. Compared to Australia, which recorded a biodiversity loss of between 5 and 10 per cent of the total global decline, the study published in Nature found Indonesia had "absolutely the highest number of declining species", representing around 21 per cent of the total decline during the period. Australias red goshawk once ruled the skies. In the past 20 years extinctions have also become common on continents. Kenle, Wikicommons, Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus), Lake Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, 2012. Development, with the protection of biodiversity, can only occur with robust scientific information. While feeding on nectar, these animals disperse pollen more indiscriminately than insects while also often travelling great distances and this may have novel consequences for plant evolution, he says. Biodiversity faces a wide number of species of birds on earth is estimated to going! 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